Erbium, nomoro ea athomo ea 68, e teng ka potoloho ea 6 ea tafole ea lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale, lanthanide (sehlopha sa IIIIB) nomoro ea 11, boima ba atomic 167.26, 'me lebitso la element le tsoa sebakeng sa ho sibolloa ha lefatše la yttrium.
Erbiume na le likahare tsa 0.000247% karolong e ka holimo 'me e fumanoa ho tse ngatalefatshe le sa tlwaelehanglirafshoa.E fumaneha mafikeng a igneous mme e ka fumanoa ka electrolysis le ho qhibiliha ha ErCl3.E phela hammoho le likarolo tse ling tsa lefatše tse sa tloaelehang tsa yttrium phosphate le tse ntšolefatshe le sa tlwaelehanglipolokelo tsa khauta.
Ioniclefatshe le sa tlwaelehangliminerale: Jiangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Hunan, Guangxi, joalo-joalo Chaena.Phosphorus yttrium ore: Malaysia, Guangxi, Guangdong, China.Monazite: Libaka tse lebōpong la leoatle la Australia, libaka tse lebōpong la leoatle la India, Guangdong, Chaena le libaka tse lebōpong la leoatle la Taiwan.
Ho Fumana Histori
E ile ea fumanoa ka 1843
Ts'ebetso ea ho sibolla: E fumanoe ke CG Mosander ka 1843. Qalong o ile a reha oxide ea erbium terbium oxide, kahoo libukeng tsa pele,terbium oxideleerbium oxideli ne li tsoakane.E bile feela ka mor’a 1860 moo khalemelo e neng e hlokahala.
Ka nako e ts'oanang le ho sibolloa halanthanum, Mossander o ile a hlahloba le ho ithuta yttrium e qalileng ho sibolloa, 'me a hatisa tlaleho ka 1842, a hlakisa hore lefatše la yttrium le fumanoeng qalong e ne e se elemental oxide e le' ngoe, empa e le oxide ea likarolo tse tharo.A boela a rea e mong oa bona lebitso la yttrium lefatše, ’me e mong oa bona a re ke erbia.erbiumlefatshe).Letšoao la element le khethiloe e le Er.Ho sibolloa ha erbium le likarolo tse ling tse peli,lanthanumleterbium, a bula monyako oa bobeli oa ho sibolloa halefatshe le sa tlwaelehanglikarolo, ho tšoaea mohato oa bobeli oa ho sibolloa ha bona.Ho sibolloa ha bona e bile ho sibolloa ha tse tharolefatshe le sa tlwaelehanglikarolo ka mor'a likarolo tse peliceriumleyttrium.
Phetoho ea elektrone
Sebopeho sa elektroniki:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f12
Matla a pele a ionization ke 6.10 electron volts.Lintho tsa lik'hemik'hale le tsa 'mele li batla li tšoana le tsa holmium le dysprosium.
Li-isotopes tsa erbium li kenyelletsa: 162Er, 164Er, 166Er, 167Er, 168Er, 170Er.
Tšepe
Erbiumke tšepe e tšoeu e silevera, e bonolo ka sebopeho, ha e kenelle metsing 'me e qhibiliha ka acid.Matsoai le li-oxide li pinki ho isa ho tse khubelu ka 'mala.Sebaka se qhibilihang ke 1529 ° C, ntlha e belang ke 2863 ° C, boima ba 9.006 g/cm ³.
Erbiumke antiferromagnetic mochesong o tlase, ke ferromagnetic e matla haufi le zero e felletseng, hape ke superconductor.
Erbiume tšeloa butle-butle ke moea le metsi mochesong oa kamore, e leng se hlahisang 'mala o mofubelu oa rosa.
Kopo:
oxide ea eonaEr2O3ke mmala o mokgubedu wa rosa o sebedisoang ho etsa letsopa le benyang.Erbium oxidee sebelisoa indastering ea ceramic ho hlahisa enamel e pinki.
Erbiume boetse e na le lisebelisoa tse itseng indastering ea nyutlelie 'me e ka sebelisoa e le motsoako oa motsoako bakeng sa litšepe tse ling.Ka mohlala, dopingerbiumho vanadium e ka ntlafatsa ductility ea eona.
Hajoale, tšebeliso e tsebahalang haholo eaerbiumke tlhahiso eaerbiumli-amplifiers tsa doped fiber (EDFAs).The bait doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) e ile ea qalisoa ka lekhetlo la pele ke Univesithi ea Southampton ka 1985. Ke e 'ngoe ea liqapi tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa puisano ea fiber optic' me ho ka boleloa hore ke "seteishene sa khase" sa litsela tse telele tsa kajeno tsa boitsebiso bo hōle.Erbiumfaeba ea doped ke khubu ea amplifier ka ho theola palo e nyane ea li-ion element ea lefatše e bitsoang erbium ion (Er3+) ka har'a fiber ea quartz.Doping ea mashome ho ea ho makholo a ppm ea erbium ka likhoele tsa optical e ka lefella tahlehelo ea optical mekhoeng ea puisano.Erbiumli-amplifiers tsa doped fiber li tšoana le "seteishene sa ho pompa" sa leseli, se lumellang matšoao a optical hore a fetisoe ntle le ho fokotseha ho tloha seteisheneng ho ea seteisheneng, kahoo a bula mocha oa thekenoloji bakeng sa puisano ea sejoale-joale ea sebaka se selelele, se phahameng, le lebelo le phahameng la fiber optic. .
E 'ngoe ea hotspot ea ts'ebeliso eaerbiumke laser, haholo-holo e le lisebelisoa tsa laser ea bongaka.Erbiumlaser ke "solid-state pulse laser" e nang le leqhubu la 2940nm, e ka amoheloang ka matla ke limolek'hule tsa metsi ka har'a lisele tsa motho, ho fihlela litholoana tse kholo ka matla a fokolang.E khona ho seha, ho sila le ho ntša lisele tse bonolo ka nepo.Laser ea Erbium YAG e boetse e sebelisoa bakeng sa ho ntšoa ha cataract.ErbiumThepa ea laser therapy e ntse e tsoela pele ho bula libaka tsa ts'ebeliso e pharaletseng ea ho buuoa ka laser.
Erbiume ka boela ea sebelisoa e le ion e kenyang letsoho bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse sa tloaelehang tsa laser upconversion lefatšeng.Erbiumlisebelisoa tsa laser upconversion li ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: kristale e le' ngoe (fluoride, letsoai le nang le oksijene) le khalase (fiber), joalo ka erbium-doped yttrium aluminate (YAP: Er3+) le likristale tsa Er3+doped ZBLAN fluoride (ZrF4-BaF2- LaF3-AlF3-NaF) likhoele tsa khalase, tse seng li ntse li sebetsa.BaYF5: Yb3+, Er3+ e ka fetola leseli la infrared hore e be leseli le bonahalang, 'me thepa ena ea multiphoton upconversion luminescent e sebelisitsoe ka katleho lisebelisoa tsa pono ea bosiu.
Nako ea poso: Oct-25-2023