Mekhoa ea papilla ea menoana ea motho e lula e sa fetohe ka sebopeho sa eona sa topological ho tloha tsoalong, e na le litšobotsi tse fapaneng ho tloha ho motho ho ea ho motho, le mekhoa ea papilla monoaneng o mong le o mong oa motho a le mong le eona e fapane.Setšoantšo sa papilla ka menoana se phunyeletsoa 'me se ajoa ka li-sweat pores tse ngata.'Mele oa motho o tsoela pele ho ntša lintho tse thehiloeng metsing tse kang mofufutso le lintho tse mafura tse kang oli.Lintho tsena li tla fetisetsa le ho beha holim'a ntho ha li kopana, li etsa maikutlo holim'a ntho eo.Ehlile ke ka lebaka la litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa likhatiso tsa letsoho, joalo ka sebopeho sa tsona, botsitso ba bophelo bohle, le sebopeho se hlakileng sa matšoao a ho ama moo menoana e fetohileng letšoao le tsebahalang la lipatlisiso tsa botlokotsebe le kananelo ea boitsebiso ho tloha ts'ebelisong ea pele ea menoana bakeng sa boitsebahatso ba motho. qetellong ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo.
Sebakeng sa botlokotsebe, ntle le likhatiso tsa menoana tse mahlakore a mararo le a mebala e bataletseng, sekhahla sa ho hlaha ha menoana e ka bang teng ke se phahameng ka ho fetisisa.Melaetsa ea menoana e ka bang teng hangata e hloka ho sebetsa ka pono ka ho sebelisana le 'mele kapa lik'hemik'hale.Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea nts'etsopele ea menoana e kenyelletsa haholo nts'etsopele ea optical, nts'etsopele ea phofo, le nts'etsopele ea lik'hemik'hale.Har'a tsona, nts'etsopele ea phofo e ratoa ke lihlopha tse tlaase ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea eona e bonolo le theko e tlaase.Leha ho le joalo, mefokolo ea ponts'o ea menoana ea setso e thehiloeng ho phofshoana ha e sa kopana le litlhoko tsa litsebi tsa botlokotsebe, joalo ka mebala e rarahaneng le e fapaneng le lisebelisoa tsa ntho e sebakeng sa botlokotsebe, le phapang e mpe lipakeng tsa menoana le bokamorao ba mebala;Boholo, sebopeho, viscosity, karo-karolelano ea sebopeho, le ts'ebetso ea likaroloana tsa phofo li ama kutloisiso ea ponahalo ea phofo;Khetho ea li-powders tsa setso e futsanehile, haholo-holo adsorption e ntlafetseng ea lintho tse metsi holim'a phofo, e leng ho fokotsang haholo tlhahiso ea tsoelo-pele ea li-powders tsa setso.Lilemong tsa morao tjena, basebetsi ba saense ea botlokotsebe le theknoloji ba ntse ba tsoela pele ho etsa lipatlisiso ka lisebelisoa tse ncha le mekhoa ea ho kopanya, har'a tsonalefatshe le sa tlwaelehangthepa ea luminescent e hohetse tlhokomelo ea basebetsi ba mahlale a botlokotsebe le thekenoloji ka lebaka la thepa ea bona e ikhethang ea khanya, phapang e phahameng, kutlo e phahameng, khetho e phahameng, le chefo e tlase ts'ebelisong ea lipontšo tsa menoana.Li-orbitals tsa 4f tse tlatsitsoeng butle-butle tsa likarolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše li li fa maemo a matla a mangata, 'me li-orbitals tsa elektronike tsa 5s le 5P tsa likarolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše li tlatsitsoe ka botlalo.Li-electrone tsa 4f layer li sirelelitsoe, li fa li-elektronike tsa 4f mokhoa o ikhethang oa ho tsamaea.Ka hona, likarolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e li bonts'a fotostability e ntle haholo le botsitso ba lik'hemik'hale ntle le ho etsa photobleaching, ho hlola mefokolo ea lidae tse sebelisoang hangata.Holim'a moo,lefatshe le sa tlwaelehanglielemente le tsona li na le lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa motlakase le tsa makenete ha li bapisoa le likarolo tse ling.Thepa e ikhethang ea optical ealefatshe le sa tlwaelehangLi-ion, joalo ka nako e telele ea bophelo ba fluorescence, lihlopha tse ngata tse moqotetsane tsa ho monyela le ho tsoa, le likheo tse kholo tsa ho monya matla le ho ntšoa, li hohetse tlhokomelo e atileng lipatlisisong tse amanang le ponts'o ea menoana.
Har'a tse ngatalefatshe le sa tlwaelehanglikarolo,europiumke thepa ea luminescent e sebelisoang haholo.Demarcay, ea sibolotsengeuropiumka 1900, o ile a qala ho hlalosa mela e bohale ka har'a sekhahla sa ho monya sa Eu3 + tharollong.Ka 1909, Urban o ile a hlalosa cathodoluminescence eaGd2O3Litšenyehelo: Euro3+.Ka 1920, Prandtl o ile a qala ho phatlalatsa pono ea ho monya ea Eu3+, e tiisang seo De Mare a se hlokometseng.Sekhahla sa ho monya sa Eu3 + se bontšoa ho Setšoantšo sa 1. Eu3 + hangata e fumaneha ho C2 orbital ho tsamaisa phetoho ea li-electrone ho tloha ho 5D0 ho ea ho 7F2, kahoo e lokolla fluorescence e khubelu.Eu3 + e ka fihlela phetoho ho tloha ho lielektrone tsa boemo ba fatše ho ea boemong bo tlaase ka ho fetisisa ba matla a boemo bo thabileng ka har'a sebaka sa maqhubu a khanya a bonahalang.Tlas'a thabo ea khanya ea ultraviolet, Eu3 + e bonts'a photoluminescence e khubelu e matla.Mofuta ona oa photoluminescence ha o sebetse feela ho li-ion tsa Eu3 + tse kentsoeng ka likhalase tsa kristale kapa likhalase, empa le ho li-complexes tse entsoeng ka kristale.europiumle li-ligands tse phelang.Li-ligand tsena li ka sebetsa e le li-antenna ho monya khanya ea thabo le ho fetisetsa matla a hlasimollang ho maemo a phahameng a matla a Eu3+ion.Kopo ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa eaeuropiumke phofo e khubelu ea fluorescentY2O3: Eu3 + (YOX) ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea mabone a fluorescent.Ho tsosoa ha leseli le khubelu la Eu3 + ho ka finyelloa eseng feela ka leseli la ultraviolet, empa hape le ka sefate sa electron (cathodoluminescence), X-ray γ Radiation α kapa β Particle, electroluminescence, luminescence ea frictional kapa mechanical, le mekhoa ea chemiluminescence.Ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e khanyang ea khanya, ke phuputso e sebelisoang haholo ea baeloji mafapheng a mahlale a biomedical kapa a biology.Lilemong tsa morao tjena, e boetse e tsositse thahasello ea lipatlisiso tsa basebetsi ba mahlale a botlokotsebe le thekenoloji lefapheng la mahlale a forensic, e fana ka khetho e ntle ea ho tlola mefokolo ea mokhoa oa setso oa phofo bakeng sa ho bonts'a menoana, 'me e na le bohlokoa bo boholo ho ntlafatseng phapang, kutlo, le khetho ea pontšo ea menoana.
Setšoantšo sa 1 Eu3 + Absorption Spectrogram
1, molao-motheo oa Luminescence oalefatše le sa tloaelehang europiumtse rarahaneng
Boemo ba fatše le boemo bo thabisang ba litlhophiso tsa elektronike tsaeuropiumli-ion ka bobeli ke mofuta oa 4fn.Ka lebaka la phello e ntle ea tšireletso ea s le d orbitals ho pota-potaeuropiumions holim'a 4f orbitals, phetoho ea ff eaeuropiumli-ion li bonts'a li-linear tse bohale le nako e telele ea bophelo ba fluorescence.Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la katleho e tlase ea photoluminescence ea li-ion tsa europium libakeng tse khanyang le tse bonahalang, li-ligands tsa organic li sebelisoa ho etsa li-complexes.europiumli-ion ho ntlafatsa coefficient ea ho monya ha mahlaseli a kotsi le libaka tsa khanya tse bonahalang.The fluorescence e hlahisoang keeuropiumli-complexes ha li na melemo e ikhethang feela ea matla a phahameng a fluorescence le bohloeki bo phahameng ba fluorescence, empa hape li ka ntlafatsoa ka ho sebelisa bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho monya ha metsoako ea lintho tse phelang libakeng tse khanyang tsa ultraviolet le tse bonahalang.Matla a hlasimollang a hlokahalang bakeng saeuropiumion photoluminescence e phahame Ho haella ha katleho e tlase ea fluorescence.Ho na le melao-motheo e 'meli ea mantlha ea luminescence ealefatše le sa tloaelehang europiumcomplexes: e 'ngoe ke photoluminescence, e hlokang ligand eaeuropiummetsoako;Karolo e 'ngoe ke hore phello ea antenna e ka ntlafatsa kutloisiso eaeuropiumion luminescence.
Ka mor'a ho thabisoa ke mahlaseli a kotsi a ka ntle kapa khanya e bonahalang, ligand ea organic ka har'alefatshe le sa tlwaelehangliphetoho tse rarahaneng ho tloha sebakeng sa fatše S0 ho ea sebakeng se thabileng sa singlet S1.Lielektrone tsa naha tse hlasimolohileng ha lia tsitsa 'me li khutlela sebakeng sa S0 ka mahlaseli, ho lokolla matla hore ligand li ntše fluorescence, kapa nako le nako li qhomela sebakeng sa eona sa thabo e meraro T1 kapa T2 ka mekhoa e sa hlaseheng;Triple excited states e lokolla matla ka mahlaseli ho hlahisa ligand phosphorescence, kapa ho fetisetsa matla hoeuropium ea tšepeli-ion ka phetiso ea matla a se nang mahlaseli a intramolecular;Ka mor'a ho thaba, li-ion tsa europium li fetoha ho tloha sebakeng sa fatše ho ea sebakeng se thabileng, leeuropiumions phetohong ea boemo bo thabileng ho ea boemong bo tlaase ba matla, qetellong e khutlela sebakeng sa fatše, e lokolla matla le ho hlahisa fluorescence.Ka hona, ka ho hlahisa li-ligands tse loketseng tsa manyolo ho sebelisana le tsonalefatshe le sa tlwaelehangli-ion le ho matlafatsa li-ion tsa tšepe tse bohareng ka phetisetso ea matla a sa hlaseheng ka har'a limolek'hule, phello ea fluorescence ea li-ion tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e e ka eketseha haholo mme tlhoko ea matla a tsoang kantle e ka fokotsoa.Ketsahalo ena e tsejoa e le phello ea antenna ea ligands.Setšoantšo sa boemo ba matla ba phetisetso ea matla ho Eu3 + complexes se bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 2.
Ts'ebetsong ea phetisetso ea matla ho tloha sebakeng se hlasimolohileng sa triplet ho ea ho Eu3+, boemo ba matla ba ligand triplet triplet state bo hlokahala hore bo be holimo ho feta kapa bo lumellane le boemo ba matla ba Eu3+ state.Empa ha matla a mararo a ligand a le kholo ho feta matla a tlase a thabo a Eu3+, ts'ebetso ea phetisetso ea matla le eona e tla fokotseha haholo.Ha phapang lipakeng tsa boemo ba ligand tse tharo le boemo bo tlase ba thabo ea Eu3+ e le nyane, matla a fluorescence a tla fokola ka lebaka la tšusumetso ea sekhahla sa ho tima mocheso oa "triple state of the ligand".Li-complexes tsa β- Diketone li na le melemo ea ho monya matla a UV, bokhoni bo matla ba ho hokahanya, phetisetso e sebetsang ea matla lelefatshe le sa tlwaelehangs, 'me e ka ba teng ka mefuta e tiileng le e metsi, e leng se etsang hore e be e 'ngoe ea li-ligand tse sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa holefatshe le sa tlwaelehangtse rarahaneng.
Setšoantšo sa 2 Setšoantšo sa boemo ba matla ba phetisetso ea matla ho Eu3 + complex
2.Synthesis Mokhoa oaRare Earth EuropiumMathata
2.1 Mocheso o phahameng o tiileng-state synthesis mokhoa
Mokhoa oa boemo bo phahameng ba mocheso o tiileng ke mokhoa o sebelisoang hangata bakeng sa ho lokisetsalefatshe le sa tlwaelehanglisebelisoa tsa luminescent, hape e sebelisoa haholo tlhahiso ea indasteri.Mokhoa o phahameng oa mocheso o tiileng-state synthesis ke karabelo ea li-interfaces tse tiileng tlas'a maemo a mocheso o phahameng (800-1500 ℃) ho hlahisa metsoako e mecha ka ho arola kapa ho tsamaisa liathomo tse tiileng kapa li-ion.Mokhoa o phahameng oa mocheso o tiileng o sebelisoa ho lokisetsalefatshe le sa tlwaelehangtse rarahaneng.Taba ea pele, li-reactants li tsoakoa ka tekanyo e itseng, 'me tekanyo e loketseng ea ho phalla e kenngoa seretseng bakeng sa ho sila ka ho feletseng ho etsa bonnete ba ho kopanya ho tšoanang.Ka mor'a moo, li-reactants tsa fatše li kenngoa ka sebōping sa mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso bakeng sa calcination.Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea calcination, oxidation, phokotso, kapa likhase tse inert li ka tlatsoa ho latela litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea liteko.Ka mor'a ho baloa ha mocheso o phahameng, ho thehoa matrix e nang le sebopeho se khethehileng sa kristale, 'me li-ion tsa lefatše tse sa tloaelehang li kenngoa ho eona ho etsa setsi sa luminescent.Setsi sa calcined se hloka ho pholisoa, ho hlatsuoa, ho omisoa, ho siloa hape, ho kolobisoa, le ho hlahlojoa ka mocheso oa kamore ho fumana sehlahisoa.Ka kakaretso, ho hlokahala mekhoa e mengata ea ho sila le ea calcination.Ho sila hangata ho ka potlakisa lebelo la karabelo le ho etsa hore karabelo e be e phethahetseng haholoanyane.Sena ke hobane ts'ebetso ea ho sila e eketsa sebaka sa ho ikopanya le li-reactants, e ntlafatsa haholo lebelo la ho hasana le lipalangoang tsa li-ion le limolek'hule ho li-reactants, ka hona ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso e sebetsang hantle.Leha ho le joalo, linako tse fapaneng tsa calcination le mocheso li tla ba le tšusumetso mohahong oa matrix a kristale e entsoeng.
Mokhoa o phahameng oa mocheso o tiileng o na le melemo ea ts'ebetso e bonolo ea ts'ebetso, theko e tlaase, le tšebeliso ea nako e khutšoanyane, e leng se etsang hore e be theknoloji ea ho itokisa e hōlileng tsebong.Leha ho le joalo, litšitiso tse ka sehloohong tsa mokhoa o phahameng oa mocheso o tiileng oa boemo ke: pele, mocheso o hlokahalang oa ho itšoara o phahame haholo, o hlokang lisebelisoa tse phahameng le lisebelisoa, o sebelisa matla a mangata, 'me ho thata ho laola morphology ea kristale.Sehlahisoa sa morphology ha se lekane, mme se bile se etsa hore boemo ba kristale bo senyehe, bo ama ts'ebetso ea luminescence.Taba ea bobeli, ho sila ho sa lekaneng ho etsa hore ho be thata hore li-reactants li kopane ka ho lekana, 'me likaroloana tsa kristale li batla li le kholo.Ka lebaka la ho sila ka letsoho kapa ka mechine, litšila li kopane ka mokhoa o ke keng oa qojoa ho ama luminescence, e leng se hlahisang bohloeki bo tlaase ba sehlahisoa.Taba ea boraro ke ts'ebeliso e sa lekanang ea ho roala le khatello e fokolang nakong ea ts'ebetso ea kopo.Lai et al.e entse letoto la Sr5 (PO4) 3Cl polychromatic fluorescent powders ea single-phase polychromatic fluorescent e kopantsoeng le Eu3+ le Tb3+ho sebelisa mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa boemo bo tiileng ba mocheso o phahameng.Tlas'a tšusumetso e haufi le ultraviolet, phofo ea fluorescent e ka fetola 'mala oa luminescence oa phosphor ho tloha sebakeng se seputsoa ho ea sebakeng se setala ho latela mohopolo oa doping, ho ntlafatsa bofokoli ba index ea ho fana ka mebala e tlase le mocheso o phahameng oa mebala ho li-diode tse tšoeu tse ntšang khanya. .Tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla ke bothata bo ka sehloohong ho kopanngoeng ha phofo ea fluorescent e thehiloeng ho borophosphate ka mokhoa o phahameng oa mocheso o tiileng.Hajoale, litsebi tse ngata li ikemiselitse ho nts'etsapele le ho batla li-matrices tse loketseng ho rarolla bothata bo phahameng ba tšebeliso ea matla a mocheso o phahameng oa boemo bo tiileng.Ka 2015, Hasegawa et al.o qetile ho lokisetsa boemo bo tiileng ba boemo bo tlaase ba Li2NaBP2O8 (LNBP) ho sebelisa sehlopha sa sebaka sa P1 sa tsamaiso ea triclinic ka lekhetlo la pele.Ka 2020, Zhu et al.e tlalehile mokhoa o tlase oa mocheso o tiileng oa boemo bo tiileng bakeng sa buka ea Li2NaBP2O8: Eu3 + (LNBP: Eu) phosphor, e hlahlobang tšebeliso e tlaase ea matla le tsela e theko e tlaase ea ho kopanya phosphor ea inorganic.
2.2 Mokhoa oa ho nela ka Co
Mokhoa oa co precipitation hape ke mokhoa o sebelisoang hangata oa "khemikhale e bonolo" bakeng sa ho lokisa lisebelisoa tse khanyang tsa lefatše tse sa tloaelehang.Mokhoa oa co precipitation o kenyelletsa ho eketsa precipitant ho reactant, e sebetsanang le cations ho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea reactant ho etsa precipitate kapa hydrolyzes reactant tlas'a maemo a itseng ho etsa li-oxides, hydroxides, matsoai a sa qhibiliheng, joalo-joalo Sehlahisoa se lebisitsoeng se fumanoa ka ho sefa, ho hlatsoa, ho omisa, le mekhoa e meng.Melemo ea mokhoa oa co precipitation ke ts'ebetso e bonolo, tšebeliso ea nako e khuts'oane, tšebeliso e tlase ea matla, le bohloeki bo phahameng ba lihlahisoa.Monyetla oa eona o hlahelletseng ke hore boholo ba eona bo nyane bo ka hlahisa li-nanocrystals ka kotloloho.Litšitiso tsa mokhoa oa co precipitation ke: pele, ketsahalo ea ho bokellana ha lihlahisoa e fumanoeng e matla, e amang ts'ebetso ea luminescent ea thepa ea fluorescent;Taba ea bobeli, sebopeho sa sehlahisoa ha se hlake ebile ho thata ho se laola;Taba ea boraro, ho na le litlhokahalo tse itseng bakeng sa khetho ea lisebelisoa tse tala, 'me maemo a pula pakeng tsa reactant e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e lokela ho tšoana kapa e ts'oana ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang, e sa lokelang ho sebelisoa ha likarolo tse ngata tsa sistimi.K. Petcharoen et al.synthesized spherical magnetite nanoparticles ho sebelisa ammonium hydroxide e le mokhoa oa precipitant le lik'hemik'hale oa co precipitation.Acetic acid le oleic acid li ile tsa hlahisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa ho roala nakong ea mohato oa pele oa crystallization, 'me boholo ba magnetite nanoparticles bo ne bo laoloa ka har'a 1-40nm ka ho fetola mocheso.The hantle qhalakantsoeng magnetite nanoparticles ka aqueous tharollo ile a fumanoa ka holim'a phetolo, ho ntlafatsa agglomeration phenomenon ea likaroloana ka co precipitation mokhoa.Kee le al.bapisa liphello tsa mokhoa oa hydrothermal le mokhoa oa co precipitation ka sebōpeho, sebopeho, le boholo ba karoloana ea Eu-CSH.Ba bontšitse hore mokhoa oa hydrothermal o hlahisa nanoparticles, ha mokhoa oa co precipitation o hlahisa likaroloana tsa submicron prismatic.Ha ho bapisoa le mokhoa oa co precipitation, mokhoa oa hydrothermal o bonts'a crystallinity e phahameng le matla a photoluminescence a betere ha ho lokisoa phofo ea Eu-CSH.JK Han et al.e hlahisitse mokhoa o mocha oa ho nosetsa o sebelisa motsoako o se nang metsi oa N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) ho lokisa (Ba1-xSrx) 2SiO4: Eu2 phosphors e nang le kabo ea boholo bo moqotetsane le bokhoni bo phahameng ba quantum haufi le spherical nano kapa submicron size particles.DMF e ka fokotsa karabelo ea polymerization le ho theola sekhahla sa karabelo nakong ea pula, e thusa ho thibela ho kopana ha likaroloana.
2.3 Hydrothermal / solvent thermal synthesis mokhoa
Mokhoa oa hydrothermal o qalile bohareng ba lekholo la bo19 la lilemo ha litsebi tsa jeoloji li ne li etsisa liminerale tsa tlhaho.Mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, khopolo eo e ile ea hōla butle-butle 'me hona joale ke e' ngoe ea mekhoa e tšepisang ka ho fetisisa ea k'hemistri.Hydrothermal method ke ts'ebetso eo ho eona mouoane oa metsi kapa tharollo ea metsi e sebelisoang e le mokhoa (ho tsamaisa li-ion le lihlopha tsa limolek'hule le khatello ea ho fetisa) ho fihlela boemo bo tlase kapa bo phahameng ka ho fetesisa tikolohong ea mocheso o phahameng le khatello e phahameng e koetsoeng (ea pele e na le khatello ea maikutlo). mocheso oa 100-240 ℃, athe oa ho qetela o na le mocheso o fihlang ho 1000 ℃), o potlakisa sekhahla sa karabelo ea hydrolysis ea lisebelisoa tse tala, 'me tlas'a convection e matla, li-ion le lihlopha tsa limolek'hule li hasana ho mocheso o tlase bakeng sa recrystallization.Thempereichara, boleng ba pH, nako ea karabelo, mahloriso, le mofuta oa selelekela nakong ea ts'ebetso ea hydrolysis e ama sekhahla sa karabelo, ponahalo ea kristale, sebopeho, sebopeho le sekhahla sa kholo ho ea ka likhato tse fapaneng.Keketseho ea mocheso ha e potlakise feela ho qhibiliha ha lihlahisoa tse tala, empa hape e eketsa ho thulana ka katleho ha limolek'hule ho khothalletsa ho thehoa ha kristale.Litekanyetso tse fapaneng tsa kholo ea sefofane se seng le se seng sa kristale ka likristale tsa pH ke lintlha tse ka sehloohong tse amang karolo ea kristale, boholo le morphology.Bolelele ba nako ea karabelo bo boetse bo ama kholo ea kristale, 'me ha nako e ntse e feta, e ba e ntle haholo bakeng sa kholo ea kristale.
Melemo ea mokhoa oa hydrothermal e bonahala haholo ka: pele, bohloeki bo phahameng ba kristale, ha ho na tšilafalo ea litšila, kabo ea boholo ba likaroloana tse moqotetsane, chai e ngata, le mefuta e fapaneng ea lihlahisoa tsa lihlahisoa;Ea bobeli ke hore ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso e bonolo, litšenyehelo li tlaase, 'me tšebeliso ea matla e tlaase.Bongata ba karabelo e etsoa maemong a mahareng ho isa tlase a mocheso, 'me maemo a karabelo a bonolo ho a laola.Mofuta oa kopo o pharalletse mme o ka fihlela litlhoko tsa ho itokisa tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa;Ntlha ea boraro, khatello ea tšilafalo ea tikoloho e tlaase 'me e batla e le botsoalle ho bophelo bo botle ba basebetsi.Litšitiso tsa eona tse ka sehloohong ke hore selelekela sa karabelo se angoa habonolo ke pH ea tikoloho, mocheso le nako, 'me sehlahisoa se na le oksijene e tlase.
Mokhoa oa solvothermal o sebelisa li-solvents e le mokhoa oa ho arabela, o ntse o atolosa ho sebetsa ha mekhoa ea hydrothermal.Ka lebaka la phapang e kholo ea thepa ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale pakeng tsa lihlapolli tsa manyolo le metsi, mokhoa oa ho arabela o rarahane haholoanyane,' me ponahalo, sebopeho le boholo ba sehlahisoa li fapane ho feta.Nallappan et al.li-crystals tse entsoeng ka MoOx tse nang le morphologies tse fapaneng ho tloha ho lakane ho ea ho nanorod ka ho laola nako ea ho itšoara ka mokhoa oa hydrothermal ka ho sebelisa sodium dialkyl sulfate e le moemeli oa ho tsamaisa kristale.Dianwen Hu et al.lisebelisoa tse entsoeng ka motsoako tse thehiloeng ho polyoxymolybdenum cobalt (CoPMA) le UiO-67 kapa tse nang le lihlopha tsa bipyridyl (UiO-bpy) li sebelisa mokhoa oa solvothermal ka ho ntlafatsa maemo a motsoako.
2.4 Mokhoa oa gel oa Sol
Sol gel mokhoa ke mokhoa oa setso oa lik'hemik'hale oa ho lokisa lisebelisoa tse sa sebetseng, tse sebelisoang haholo ho lokiseng li-nanomaterials tsa tšepe.Ka 1846, Elbelmen o ile a qala ho sebelisa mokhoa ona ho lokisa SiO2, empa tšebeliso ea eona e ne e e-s'o hōle.Mokhoa oa ho itokisa haholo-holo ke ho eketsa sehlomathiso sa ion sa lefats'e ka tharollo ea pele ea karabelo ho etsa hore mokelikeli o fetohe ho etsa gel, 'me gel e lokiselitsoeng e fumana sehlahisoa se lebisitsoeng kamora kalafo ea mocheso.Phosphor e hlahisoang ke mokhoa oa sol gel e na le morphology e ntle le litšobotsi tsa sebopeho, 'me sehlahisoa se na le boholo ba likaroloana tse nyane, empa khanya ea eona e hloka ho ntlafatsoa.Mokhoa oa ho lokisetsa mokhoa oa sol-gel o bonolo ebile o bonolo ho o sebetsa, mocheso oa karabelo o tlaase, 'me ts'ebetso ea ts'ireletso e phahame, empa nako e telele,' me palo ea phekolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e lekanyelitsoe.Gaponenko et al.lokisetsa amorphous BaTiO3/SiO2 multilayer sebopeho ka centrifugation le mocheso kalafo sol-gel mokhoa ka transmissivity e ntle le refractive index, 'me a bontša hore refractive index ea BaTiO3 filimi tla eketseha ka keketseho ea sol mahloriso.Ka 2007, sehlopha sa lipatlisiso sa Liu L se atlehile ho hapa mochini oa fluorescent o khanyang le o bobebe oa Eu3+metal ion/sensitizer complex ka silika e thehiloeng nanocomposites le gel e omeletseng e sebelisang mokhoa oa sol gel.Metsoakong e mengata e fapaneng ea li-sensitizer tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše le li-template tsa silica nanoporous, ts'ebeliso ea 1,10-phenanthroline (OP) sensitizer ho tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) e fana ka gel e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea fluorescence e omeletseng ho leka lisebelisoa tsa spectral tsa Eu3+.
2.5 Mokhoa oa ho kopanya oa microwave
Microwave synthesis method ke mokhoa o mocha oa ho kopanya lik'hemik'hale o motala le o se nang tšilafalo ha o bapisoa le mokhoa oa boemo bo phahameng ba mocheso o tiileng, o sebelisoang haholo ho kopanya lintho tse bonahalang, haholo-holo lefapheng la li-nanomaterial synthesis, tse bontšang tsoelo-pele e ntle.Microwave ke leqhubu la motlakase le bolelele ba maqhubu a pakeng tsa 1nn le 1m.Mokhoa oa Microwave ke ts'ebetso eo ka eona likaroloana tse nyane tse ka hare ho ntho e qalang li kenang polarization tlas'a tšusumetso ea matla a tšimo a kantle a motlakase.Ha tataiso ea tšimo ea motlakase ea microwave e fetoha, motsamao le tataiso ea tlhophiso ea dipoles e fetoha khafetsa.Karabelo ea hysteresis ea dipoles, hammoho le phetoho ea matla a bona a mocheso ntle le tlhokahalo ea ho thulana, likhohlano le tahlehelo ea dielectric pakeng tsa liathomo le limolek'hule, e finyella phello ea ho futhumatsa.Ka lebaka la hore mocheso oa microwave o ka futhumatsa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang tsamaiso eohle ea karabelo le ho tsamaisa matla ka potlako, ka hona ho khothalletsa tsoelo-pele ea liketso tsa manyolo, ha ho bapisoa le mekhoa ea setso ea ho itokisa, mokhoa oa microwave synthesis o na le melemo ea lebelo la karabelo e potlakileng, polokeho e tala, e nyenyane le e ts'oanang. boholo ba likaroloana tsa thepa, le bohloeki bo phahameng ba mohato.Leha ho le joalo, litlaleho tse ngata hona joale li sebelisa li-absorber tsa microwave tse kang carbon powder, Fe3O4, le MnO2 ho fana ka mocheso ka tsela e sa tobang bakeng sa karabelo.Lintho tse monyehang habonolo ke li-microwave 'me li ka kenya li-reactants ka botsona li hloka ho hlahlojoa hape.Liu et al.e kopantseng mokhoa oa co precipitation le mokhoa oa microwave ho kopanya spinel e hloekileng ea LiMn2O4 e nang le porous morphology le thepa e ntle.
2.6 Mokhoa oa ho tuka
Mokhoa oa ho chesa o ipapisitse le mekhoa ea khale ea ho futhumatsa, e sebelisang ho chesa lintho tse phelang ho hlahisa sehlahisoa se lebisitsoeng ka mor'a hore tharollo e fetohe mouoane ho omella.Khase e hlahisoang ke ho chesoa ha lintho tse phelang ho ka fokotsa ho etsahala ha agglomeration.Ha e bapisoa le mokhoa oa ho futhumatsa o tiileng-state, e fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla 'me e loketse lihlahisoa tse nang le litlhoko tse tlaase tsa mocheso.Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebetso ea karabelo e hloka tlatsetso ea metsoako ea manyolo, e eketsang litšenyehelo.Mokhoa ona o na le bokhoni bo fokolang ba ho sebetsa 'me ha o tšoanelehe bakeng sa tlhahiso ea indasteri.Sehlahisoa se hlahisoang ke mokhoa oa ho chesa se na le boholo ba likaroloana tse nyenyane le tse ts'oanang, empa ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e khutšoanyane ea karabelo, ho ka 'na ha e-ba le likristale tse sa fellang, tse amang ts'ebetso ea luminescence ea likristale.Anning le al.e sebelisitse La2O3, B2O3, le Mg e le lisebelisoa tsa ho qala le ho sebelisa letsoai le thusang ho chesa motsoako ho hlahisa phofo ea LaB6 ka lihlopha ka nako e khutšoanyane.
3. Kopo ealefatše le sa tloaelehang europiumcomplexes ntshetsopeleng ya menwana
Mokhoa oa ho bonts'a phofo ke o mong oa mekhoa ea khale le e tloaelehileng ea ho bonts'a menoana.Hona joale, li-powders tse bontšang menoana li ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e meraro: li-powders tsa setso, tse kang li-powder tsa makenete tse entsoeng ka phofo e ntle ea tšepe le phofo ea carbon;Metal powders, joalo ka phofo ea khauta,phofo ea silevera, le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tšepe tse nang le mohaho oa marang-rang;Phofo ea fluorescent.Leha ho le joalo, liphofshoana tsa setso hangata li na le mathata a maholo ho bonts'a menoana kapa menoana ea khale linthong tse rarahaneng tsa morao-rao, 'me li na le phello e itseng e chefo bophelong ba basebelisi.Lilemong tsa morao tjena, basebetsi ba mahlale a botlokotsebe le thekenoloji ba ntse ba rata haholo tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa nano fluorescent bakeng sa pontšo ea menoana.Ka lebaka la thepa e ikhethang ea khanya ea Eu3 + le ts'ebeliso e atileng ealefatshe le sa tlwaelehanglintho,lefatše le sa tloaelehang europiumli-complexes ha lia fetoha feela sebaka sa lipatlisiso lefapheng la mahlale a forensic, empa hape li fana ka mehopolo e pharalletseng ea lipatlisiso bakeng sa pontšo ea menoana.Leha ho le joalo, Eu3+ ka har'a maro kapa lintho tse tiileng e na le ts'ebetso e mpe ea ho monya leseli 'me e hloka ho kopanngoa le li-ligands ho hlasimolla le ho hlahisa leseli, ho nolofalletsa Eu3+ ho bonts'a thepa e matla le e phehellang ea fluorescence.Hajoale, li-ligand tse sebelisoang hangata li kenyelletsa β- Diketones, li-carboxylic acid le letsoai la carboxylate, polymers ea organic, supramolecular macrocycles, joalo-joalo Ka lipatlisiso tse tebileng le ts'ebeliso ealefatše le sa tloaelehang europiumcomplexes, ho fumanoe hore libakeng tse mongobo, ho sisinyeha ha limolek'hule tsa H2Oeuropiumli-complexes li ka baka ho tima luminescence.Ka hona, e le ho finyella khetho e ntle le phapang e matla ea pontšo ea menoana, ho hlokahala hore ho etsoe boiteko ba ho ithuta mokhoa oa ho ntlafatsa botsitso ba mocheso le mochine.europiumtse rarahaneng.
Ka 2007, sehlopha sa lipatlisiso sa Liu L e bile pula-maliboho ea ho hlahisaeuropiumcomplexes lebaleng la pontsho ya menwana kgetlo la pele lapeng le kantle ho naha.Mehaho e bobebe ea Eu3 + metal ion/sensitizer complexes e hapiloeng ke mokhoa oa sol gel e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho lemoha menoana ka lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse amanang le forensic, ho kenyeletsoa foil ea khauta, khalase, polasetiki, pampiri e mebala le makhasi a matala.Patlisiso ea lipatlisiso e hlahisitse mokhoa oa ho lokisa, UV/Vis spectra, litšobotsi tsa fluorescence, le liphetho tsa ho ngolisoa ha menoana ea li-nanocomposites tsena tse ncha tsa Eu3+/OP/TEOS.
Ka 2014, Seung Jin Ryu et al.pele e ile ea theha Eu3+complex ([EuCl2 (Phen) 2 (H2O) 2] Cl · H2O) ka hexahydrateEuropium chloride(EuCl3 · 6H2O) le 1-10 phenanthropine (Phen).Ka karabelo ea phapanyetsano ea ion lipakeng tsa interlayer sodium ion leeuropiumLi-ion tse rarahaneng, li-intercalated nano hybrid compounds (Eu (Phen) 2) 3 + - lejoe la sesepa la lithium le entsoeng ka Eu (Phen) 2) 3 + - montmorillonite ea tlhaho) e fumanoe.Tlas'a thabo ea lebone la UV ka bolelele ba 312nm, li-complexes tse peli ha li boloke feela sebopeho sa photoluminescence phenomena, empa hape li na le botsitso bo phahameng ba mocheso, lik'hemik'hale le mochine ha li bapisoa le li-complexes tse hloekileng tsa Eu3 +. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la ho ba sieo ha li-ion tsa litšila tse tingoeng. joalo ka tšepe 'meleng o ka sehloohong oa lithium soapstone, [Eu (Phen) 2] 3+- lithium soapstone e na le matla a khanyang a khanyang ho feta [Eu (Phen) 2] 3+- montmorillonite, 'me menoana e bontša mela e hlakileng haholoanyane le phapang e matla le bokamorao.Ka 2016, V Sharma et al.synthesized strontium aluminate (SrAl2O4: Eu2 +, Dy3 +) nano fluorescent phofo e sebelisang mokhoa oa ho tuka.Phofo e loketse ho bonts'a menoana e mecha le ea khale linthong tse kenang le tse sa keneng tse kang pampiri e mebala e tloaelehileng, pampiri ea ho paka, foil ea aluminium le li-optical discs.Ha e bontše feela kutlo e phahameng le ho khetha, empa hape e na le litšobotsi tse matla le tse tšoarellang nako e telele.Ka 2018, Wang et al.lokisetsa CaS nanoparticles (ESM-CaS-NP) doped leeuropium, samarium, le manganese ka bophara ba karolelano ea 30nm.Li-nanoparticles li ne li kentsoe ka li-amphiphilic ligands, tse li lumellang hore li arohane ka mokhoa o ts'oanang metsing ntle le ho lahleheloa ke matla a tsona a fluorescence;Co phetoho ea sebaka sa ESM-CaS-NP se nang le 1-dodecylthiol le 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (Arg-DT)/ MUA@ESM-CaS NPs e rarollotse ka katleho bothata ba ho tima ha fluorescence ka metsing le ho kopanya likaroloana tse bakoang ke particle hydrolysis ho nano fluorescent. phofo.Phofo ena ea fluorescent ha e bontše feela menoana e ka bang teng linthong tse kang foil ea aluminium, polasetiki, khalase le lithaele tsa ceramic tse nang le kutlo e phahameng, empa hape e na le mehloli e mengata e fapaneng ea mabone a hlasimollang 'me ha e hloke lisebelisoa tse theko e boima tsa ho hula litšoantšo ho bonts'a menoana. Selemong sona seo, sehlopha sa lipatlisiso sa Wang se ile sa kopanya letoto la ternaryeuropiumcomplexes [Eu (m-MA) 3 (o-Phen)] e sebelisang ortho, meta, le p-methylbenzoic acid e le li-ligand tsa pele le ortho phenantroline e le ligand tsa bobeli tse sebelisang mokhoa oa pula.Tlas'a khanya ea khanya ea 245nm ea ultraviolet, ho ka bonts'a menoana e ka bang teng linthong tse kang polasetiki le matšoao a khoebo.Ka 2019, Sung Jun Park et al.Synthesized YBO3: Ln3+(Ln=Eu, Tb) phosphors ka mokhoa oa solvothermal, ka katleho ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho lemoha menoana le ho fokotsa tšitiso ea morao-rao.Ka 2020, Prabakaran et al.e hlahisitse motsoako oa fluorescent Na [Eu (5,50 DMBP) (phen) 3] · Cl3 / D-Dextrose composite, ho sebelisa EuCl3 · 6H20 e le selelekela.Na [Eu (5,5 '- DMBP) (phen) 3] Cl3 e entsoe ka ho sebelisa Phen le 5,5′ – DMBP ka mokhoa o chesang oa ho qhibilihisa, ebe Na [Eu (5,5 '- DMBP) (phen) 3] Cl3 le D-Dextrose li ne li sebelisoa e le selelekela sa ho theha Na [Eu (5,50 DMBP) (phen) 3] · Cl3 ka mokhoa oa adsorption.3 / D-Dextrose e rarahaneng.Ka liteko, motsoako o ka bonts'a likhatiso tsa menoana ka ho hlaka linthong tse kang likotlolo tsa botlolo tsa polasetiki, likhalase le chelete ea Afrika Boroa tlas'a thabo ea khanya ea letsatsi ea 365nm kapa khanya ea ultraviolet, ka phapang e phahameng le ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ea fluorescence.Ka 2021, Dan Zhang et al.e hlophisitsoe ka katleho le ho kopanya buka ea "hexanuclear Eu3 + complex Eu6 (PPA) 18CTP-TPY e nang le libaka tse tšeletseng tse tlamang, e nang le botsitso bo botle ba mocheso oa fluorescence (<50 ℃) mme e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa pontšo ea menoana.Leha ho le joalo, ho hlokahala liteko tse ling ho fumana mefuta ea eona e loketseng ea baeti.Ka 2022, L Brini et al.Eu e entsoe ka katleho: Y2Sn2O7 phofo ea fluorescent ka mokhoa oa co precipitation le kalafo e tsoelang pele ea ho sila, e ka senolang menoana ea menoana linthong tse entsoeng ka lehong le tse sa keneng. -shell mofuta oa nanofluorescence thepa, e ka hlahisang fluorescence e khubelu tlas'a 254nm ultraviolet excitation le fluorescence botala bo khanyang tlas'a 980nm haufi le infrared excitation, ho finyella pontšo ea mekhoa e 'meli ea menoana e ka bang teng ho moeti.Pontšo e ka bang teng ea menoana linthong tse kang lithaele tsa ceramic, maqephe a polasetiki, lialloys tsa aluminium, RMB, le pampiri e mebala-bala e bonts'a kutloisiso e phahameng, khetho, phapang, le khanyetso e matla ea tšitiso e ka morao.
4 Maikutlo
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, lipatlisiso kalefatše le sa tloaelehang europiumli-complexes li hohetse tlhokomelo e ngata, ka lebaka la thepa ea tsona e ntle ea mahlo le matla a khoheli joalo ka matla a phahameng a luminescence, bohloeki bo phahameng ba mebala, bophelo bo bolelele ba fluorescence, likheo tse kholo tsa ho monya matla le likheo tse tsoang, le tlhoro e moqotetsane ea ho monya.Ka ho teba ha lipatlisiso ka lisebelisoa tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e, lits'ebetso tsa bona likarolong tse fapaneng tse kang mabone le pontšo, bioscience, temo, sesole, indasteri ea tlhahiso-leseling ea elektronike, phetisetso ea tlhahisoleseding ea optical, fluorescence anti-counterfeiting, fluorescence discovery, joalo-joalo e ntse e ata.Thepa ea optical eaeuropiumli-complex li ntle haholo, 'me masimo a tsona a kopo a ntse a eketseha butle-butle.Leha ho le joalo, khaello ea bona ea botsitso ba mocheso, thepa ea mochini, le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso e tla fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea bona e sebetsang.Ho latela pono ea hajoale ea lipatlisiso, lipatlisiso tsa ts'ebeliso ea thepa ea optical eaeuropiumcomplexes lefapheng la saense ea forensic e lokela ho tsepamisa maikutlo haholo-holo ho ntlafatsa thepa ea optical eaeuropiumli-complexes le ho rarolla mathata a likaroloana tsa fluorescent tse atisang ho kopana libakeng tse mongobo, ho boloka botsitso le katleho ea luminescence.europiummetsoako ka metsoako ea metsi.Matsatsing ana, tsoelo-pele ea sechaba le saense le thekenoloji e hlahisitse litlhoko tse phahameng tsa ho lokisa thepa e ncha.Ha e ntse e kopana le litlhoko tsa kopo, e boetse e lokela ho lumellana le litšobotsi tsa moralo o fapaneng le litšenyehelo tse tlaase.Ka hona, lipatlisiso tse ling kaeuropiumli-complexes li bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tsa lefats'e tse ruileng tsa China le nts'etsopele ea mahlale a botlokotsebe le thekenoloji.
Nako ea poso: Nov-01-2023