Terbiumke ya sehlopha sa boimamafatshe a sa tloaelehang, e nang le bongata bo fokolang karolong e ka holimo ea Lefatše ka 1.1 ppm feela.Terbium oxide e nka karolo e ka tlase ho 0.01% ea lefatše lohle le sa tloaelehang.Esita le mofuta o phahameng oa yttrium ion ore heavy rare earth ore o nang le litaba tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa terbium, litaba tsa terbium li ikarabella feela bakeng sa 1.1-1.2% ea kakaretso ea lefatše le sa tloaelehang, e leng se bontšang hore ke ea sehlopha se "hlomphehang" sa likarolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše.Ka lilemo tse fetang 100 ho tloha ha ho sibolloa terbium ka 1843, khaello ea eona le boleng ba eona li thibetse ts'ebeliso ea eona e sebetsang ka nako e telele.Ke feela lilemong tse 30 tse fetileng moo terbium e bontšitseng talenta ea eona e ikhethang.
Ho Fumana Histori
Setsebi sa k'hemistri sa Sweden Carl Gustaf Mosander o ile a sibolla terbium ka 1843. O fumane litšila tsa eonaYttrium(III) oxideleY2O3.Yttrium e reheletsoe ka motsana oa Ytterby naheng ea Sweden.Pele ho hlaha theknoloji ea phapanyetsano ea ion, terbium ha ea ka ea aroloa ka mokhoa oa eona o hloekileng.
Mosant o ile a qala ka ho arola Yttrium(III) oxide ka likarolo tse tharo, tseo kaofela li reheletsoeng ka ores: Yttrium(III) oxide,Erbium(III) oxide, le terbium oxide.Terbium oxide qalong e ne e entsoe ka karolo e pinki, ka lebaka la element eo hona joale e tsejoang e le erbium.“Erbium(III) oxide” (ho kenyeletsoa le seo hona joale re se bitsang terbium) qalong e ne e le karolo e se nang ’mala ea tharollo.The insoluble oxide ea element ena e nkoa e le sootho.
Hamorao basebetsi ba ne ba sitoa ho bona "Erbium(III) oxide" e nyenyane e se nang 'mala, empa karolo e pinki e qhibilihang e ne e ke ke ea hlokomolohuoa.Likhohlano mabapi le boteng ba Erbium(III) oxide li hlahile khafetsa.Moferefereng, lebitso la pele le ile la fetoloa 'me phapanyetsano ea mabitso e ne e khomaretsoe, kahoo karolo ea pinki e qetella e boleloa e le tharollo e nang le erbium (ka tharollo, e ne e le pinki).Hona joale ho lumeloa hore basebetsi ba sebelisang sodium bisulfate kapa Potassium sulfate ba nkaCerium (IV) oxideho tsoa ho Yttrium(III) oxide le ho fetola terbium ka boomo hore e be seretse se nang le cerium.Ke hoo e ka bang 1% feela ea Yttrium(III) oxide ea pele, eo hona joale e tsejoang e le "terbium", e lekane ho fetisa 'mala o mosehla ho Yttrium(III) oxide.Ka hona, terbium ke karolo ea bobeli eo qalong e neng e e-na le eona, 'me e laoloa ke baahisani ba eona ba haufi, gadolinium le dysprosium.
Ka mor’a moo, neng kapa neng ha likarolo tse ling tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše li ne li aroloa motsoakong ona, ho sa tsotellehe hore na oxide e kae, lebitso la terbium le ne le bolokoa ho fihlela qetellong, oxide e sootho ea terbium e fumanoa ka sebōpeho se hloekileng.Bafuputsi ba lekholong la bo19 la lilemo ha baa ka ba sebelisa theknoloji ea ultraviolet fluorescence ho bona li-nodule tse khanyang tse mosehla kapa tse tala (III), e leng ho nolofalletsang hore terbium e lemohuoe ka metsoako e tiileng kapa tharollo.
Phetoho ea elektrone
Phetoho ea elektrone:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f9
Tlhophiso ea Electron ea terbium ke [Xe] 6s24f9.Ka tloaelo, li-electrone tse tharo feela li ka tlosoa pele tefiso ea nyutlelie e e-ba khōlō haholo hore e ka ba ionized ka ho eketsehileng, empa tabeng ea terbium, terbium e tletseng semi e lumella elektrone ea bone hore e be ionized ka ho eketsehileng ka pel'a li-oxidants tse matla haholo tse kang khase ea fluorine.
Terbium ke tšepe ea silevera e tšoeu e sa tloaelehang ea lefats'e e nang le ductility, thata, le bonolo e ka sehoang ka thipa.Melting point 1360 ℃, ntlha e belang 3123 ℃, density 8229 4kg/m3.Ha e bapisoa le Lanthanide ea pele, e batla e tsitsitse moeeng.E le karolo ea borobong ea Lanthanide, terbium ke tšepe e nang le motlakase o matla.E kopana le metsi ho etsa haedrojene.
Ka tlhaho, terbium ha e e-s'o fumanoe e le ntho e sa lefelloeng, e nyenyane ea eona e teng phosphocerium thorium sand le Gadolinite.Terbium e phela hammoho le likarolo tse ling tsa lefatše tse sa tloaelehang lehlabatheng la monazite, ka kakaretso e nang le 0.03% ea terbium.Mehloli e meng ke Xenotime le ores ea khauta e ntšo e sa tloaelehang, tseo ka bobeli e leng metsoako ea oxides 'me e na le terbium e fihlang ho 1%.
Kopo
Tšebeliso ea terbium haholo-holo e kenyelletsa masimo a theknoloji e phahameng, e leng merero e matla ea theknoloji le tsebo e matla, hammoho le merero e nang le melemo e mengata ea moruo, e nang le litebello tse khahlehang tsa ntlafatso.
Libaka tse kholo tsa kopo li kenyelletsa:
(1) E sebelisoa ka mokhoa oa lefatše le sa tloaelehang le tsoakiloeng.Ka mohlala, e sebelisoa e le manyolo a sa tloaelehang a motsoako oa lefats'e le motsoako oa lijo bakeng sa temo.
(2) Activator bakeng sa phofshoana e tala ka li-powder tse tharo tsa mantlha tsa fluorescent.Lisebelisoa tsa morao-rao tsa optoelectronic li hloka tšebeliso ea mebala e meraro ea motheo ea phosphors, e leng khubelu, e tala le e putsoa, e ka sebelisoang ho kopanya mebala e sa tšoaneng.'Me terbium ke karolo ea bohlokoa ho liphofshoana tse ngata tsa boleng bo holimo tse tala tsa fluorescent.
(3) E sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa polokelo ea magneto optical.Lifilimi tse tšesaane tsa amorphous metal terbium transition metal alloy li 'nile tsa sebelisoa ho etsa li-discs tsa magneto-optical tse sebetsang hantle haholo.
(4) Ho etsa khalase ea magneto optical.Khalase ea rotatory ea Faraday e nang le terbium ke lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho etsa li-rotator, li-isolators, le li-circulator ho theknoloji ea laser.
(5) Ntlafatso le nts'etsopele ea terbium dysprosium ferromagnetostrictive alloy (TerFenol) e butse likopo tse ncha tsa terbium.
Ea temo le leruo la liphoofolo
Rare earth terbium e ka ntlafatsa boleng ba lijalo le ho eketsa sekhahla sa photosynthesis ka har'a sebaka se itseng sa mahloriso.Li-terbium complexes li na le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea likokoana-hloko.Ternary complexes ea terbium, Tb (Ala) 3BenIm (ClO4) 3 · 3H2O, e na le liphello tse ntle tsa antibacterial le bactericidal ho Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis le Escherichia coli.Li na le li-antibacterial spectrum tse pharaletseng.Boithuto ba li-complexes tse joalo bo fana ka tataiso e ncha ea lipatlisiso bakeng sa meriana ea sejoale-joale ea bactericidal.
E sebelisoa tšimong ea luminescence
Lisebelisoa tsa morao-rao tsa optoelectronic li hloka tšebeliso ea mebala e meraro ea motheo ea phosphors, e leng khubelu, e tala le e putsoa, e ka sebelisoang ho kopanya mebala e sa tšoaneng.'Me terbium ke karolo ea bohlokoa ho liphofshoana tse ngata tsa boleng bo holimo tse tala tsa fluorescent.Haeba ho tsoaloa ha 'mala o sa tloaelehang oa lefats'e TV ea phofo e khubelu ea fluorescent e tsositse tlhokahalo ea yttrium le europium, joale kopo le nts'etsopele ea terbium li khothalelitsoe ke lefats'e le sa tloaelehang tse tharo tse ka sehloohong tse tala tsa fluorescent phofo bakeng sa mabone.Mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1980, Philips o ile a qapa lebone la pele la lefats'e le bolokang matla le bolokang matla 'me a le phahamisetsa lefats'e ka bophara.Tb3+ion e ka hlahisa leseli le letala ka bolelele ba 545nm, 'me hoo e batlang e le li-phosphor tse tala tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e li sebelisa terbium joalo ka activator.
Phosphor e tala bakeng sa color TV cathode ray tube (CRT) esale e thehiloe ho Zinc sulfide, e theko e tlaase ebile e sebetsa hantle, empa phofo ea terbium esale e sebelisoa e le phosphor e tala bakeng sa TV ea projeke ea mebala, ho kenyelletsa le Y2SiO5 ∶ Tb3+, Y3 ( Al, Ga) 5O12 ∶ Tb3+le LaOBr ∶ Tb3+.Ka nts'etsopele ea thelevishene e kholo ea "high-definition" (HDTV), phofo e tala ea fluorescent e sebetsang hantle bakeng sa CRTs le eona e ntse e ntlafatsoa.Ka mohlala, phofo e nyalisitsoeng e tala ea fluorescent e entsoe linaheng tse ling, e nang le Y3 (Al, Ga) 5O12: Tb3 +, LaOCl: Tb3 +, le Y2SiO5: Tb3 +, e nang le bokhoni bo botle ba luminescence ka bongata bo phahameng ba hona joale.
Phofo ea setso ea X-ray fluorescent ke calcium tungstate.Lilemong tsa bo-1970 le bo-1980, lefatše le sa tloaelehang la phosphors bakeng sa li-skrini tse matlafatsang li ile tsa hlahisoa, tse kang terbium activated sulfur Lanthanum oxide, terbium activated bromine Lanthanum oxide (bakeng sa li-screens tse tala), terbium activated sulfur Yttrium(III) oxide, joalo-joalo. phofo ea fluorescent e sa tloaelehang ea lefats'e e ka fokotsa nako ea mahlaseli a X-ray bakeng sa bakuli ka 80%, ho ntlafatsa tharollo ea lifilimi tsa X-ray, ho eketsa nako ea bophelo ba X-ray tubes, le ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla.Terbium e boetse e sebelisoa e le activator ea phofo ea fluorescent bakeng sa li-skrini tsa ntlafatso ea X-ray ea bongaka, e ka ntlafatsang haholo kutloisiso ea phetoho ea X-ray hore e be litšoantšo tsa optical, ho ntlafatsa ho hlaka ha lifilimi tsa X-ray, le ho fokotsa haholo tekanyo ea ho pepeseha ha X- mahlaseli 'meleng oa motho (ka ho feta 50%).
Terbium e boetse e sebelisoa e le activator ka har'a phosphor e tšoeu ea LED e khantšitsoeng ke leseli le leputsoa bakeng sa mabone a macha a semiconductor.E ka sebelisoa ho hlahisa terbium aluminium magneto optical crystal phosphors, e sebelisa li-diode tse hlahisang leseli le leputsoa e le mehloli ea leseli la ho hlasimolla, 'me fluorescence e hlahisoang e kopantsoe le leseli la ho hlasimolla ho hlahisa leseli le lesoeu.
Lisebelisoa tsa electroluminescent tse entsoeng ka terbium haholo-holo li kenyelletsa Zinc sulfide green phosphor e nang le terbium e le activator.Tlas'a mahlaseli a ultraviolet, li-organic complexes tsa terbium li ka ntša fluorescence e matla e tala 'me li ka sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tse tšesaane tsa filimi ea electroluminescent.Le hoja tsoelo-pele e kholo e entsoe thutong ea lifilimi tse tšesaane tse sa tloaelehang tsa organic complection electroluminescent, ho ntse ho e-na le lekhalo le itseng ho tloha ho ts'ebetso, 'me lipatlisiso tse mabapi le lifilimi le lisebelisoa tse tšesaane tsa electroluminescent tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e li ntse li teba.
Litšobotsi tsa fluorescence tsa terbium li boetse li sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa fluorescence.Mohlala, probe ea Ofloxacin terbium (Tb3+) fluorescence probe e ne e sebelisetsoa ho ithuta tšebelisano lipakeng tsa Ofloxacin terbium (Tb3+) complex le DNA (DNA) ka fluorescence spectrum le absorption spectrum, e leng se bontšang hore Ofloxacin Tb3+ probe e ka etsa molek'hule o tlamang ka DNA. le DNA e ka ntlafatsa haholo fluorescence ea Ofloxacin Tb3+ system.Ho itšetlehile ka phetoho ena, DNA e ka etsoa qeto.
Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa magneto optical
Lisebelisoa tse nang le phello ea Faraday, tse tsejoang hape e le lisebelisoa tsa magneto-optical, li sebelisoa haholo ho li-lasers le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa optical.Ho na le mefuta e 'meli e tloaelehileng ea lisebelisoa tsa magneto optical: magneto optical crystals le magneto optical glass.Har'a tsona, likristale tsa magneto-optical (tse kang Yttrium iron garnet le terbium gallium garnet) li na le melemo ea maqhubu a sebetsang a feto-fetohang le botsitso bo phahameng ba mocheso, empa li theko e boima ebile li thata ho li etsa.Ho feta moo, likristale tse ngata tsa magneto-optical tse nang le li-angle tse phahameng tsa Faraday li na le monyetla o phahameng ka har'a maqhubu a makhuts'oane, a fokotsang tšebeliso ea ona.Ha ho bapisoa le likristale tsa magneto optical, khalase ea magneto optical e na le molemo oa phetisetso e phahameng mme e bonolo ho etsoa li-blocks tse kholo kapa likhoele.Hajoale, likhalase tsa magneto-optical tse nang le phello e phahameng ea Faraday ke likhalase tse sa tloaelehang tse nang le li-ion tsa lefats'e.
E sebelisoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa polokelo ea magneto
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea li-multimedia le li-automation tsa ofisi, tlhokahalo ea li-disks tse ncha tsa matla a khoheli e ntse e eketseha.Lifilimi tsa amorphous metal terbium transition metal alloy li sebelisitsoe ho etsa li-discs tsa magneto-optical tse sebetsang hantle haholo.Har'a bona, filimi e tšesaane ea TbFeCo alloy e na le ts'ebetso e ntle ka ho fetisisa.Lisebelisoa tsa magneto-optical tse thehiloeng ho Terbium li 'nile tsa hlahisoa ka tekanyo e kholo,' me li-discs tsa magneto-optical tse entsoeng ho tsona li sebelisoa e le likarolo tsa polokelo ea k'homphieutha, 'me matla a polokelo a eketsehile ka makhetlo a 10-15.Li na le melemo ea bokhoni bo boholo le lebelo la ho fihlella ka potlako, 'me li ka hlakoloa le ho koaheloa ka makhetlo a mashome a likete ha li sebelisetsoa li-disc tsa optical tse phahameng haholo.Ke lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa ho theknoloji ea polokelo ea tlhahisoleseding ea elektronike.Lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa tsa magneto-optical lihlopha tse bonahalang le tse haufi le infrared ke kristale e le 'ngoe ea Terbium Gallium Garnet (TGG), e leng thepa e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea magneto-optical bakeng sa ho etsa li-rotator le li-isolators tsa Faraday.
Bakeng sa khalase ea magneto optical
Faraday magneto optical glass e na le pepenene e ntle le isotropy libakeng tse bonahalang le tse infrared, 'me e ka etsa libopeho tse fapaneng tse rarahaneng.Ho bonolo ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa boholo bo boholo 'me e ka huleloa ka har'a likhoele tsa optical.Ka hona, e na le litebello tse pharaletseng tsa ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa magneto optical tse kang magneto optical isolators, magneto optical modulators, le fiber optic sensors hona joale.Ka lebaka la nako ea eona e kholo ea makenete le coefficient e nyane ea ho monya sebakeng se bonahalang le sa infrared, li-ion tsa Tb3 + li se li sebelisoa hangata ka har'a likhalase tsa magneto Optical.
Terbium dysprosium ferromagnetostrictive alloy
Qetellong ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, ka ho teba ha phetoho ea lefats'e ea saense le thekenoloji, lefats'e le lecha le sa tloaelehang Applied Materials li hlaha ka potlako.Ka 1984, Iowa State University ea United States, Ames Laboratory ea United States Department of Energy of the United States le US Navy Surface Weapons Research Center (basebetsi ba ka sehloohong ba American Edge Technology Company (ET REMA) e ileng ea thehoa hamorao setsi) ka kopanelo ba ntlafalitse thepa e ncha e sa tloaelehang ea Earth Smart, e leng terbium dysprosium iron giant magnetostrictive material.Sesebelisoa sena se secha sa Smart se na le litšobotsi tse ntle haholo tsa ho fetolela matla a motlakase kapele hore e be matla a mochini.Li-transducer tse ka tlas'a metsi le li-electro-acoustic tse entsoeng ka thepa ena e kholo ea magnetostrictive li hlophisitsoe ka katleho lisebelisoa tsa metsing, libui tsa ho lemoha liliba tsa oli, mekhoa ea ho laola lerata le ho sisinyeha, le lipatlisiso tsa leoatle le mekhoa ea puisano e ka tlas'a lefatše.Ka hona, hang ha terbium dysprosium iron giant magnetostrictive material e hlaha, e ile ya fumana tlhokomelo e atileng ho tswa ho dinaha tse ruileng indastering ho pota lefatshe.Edge Technologies United States e ile ea qala ho hlahisa thepa ea terbium dysprosium iron giant magnetostrictive ka 1989 'me ea e reha Terfenol D. Ka mor'a moo, Sweden, Japane, Russia, United Kingdom, le Australia le tsona li ile tsa hlahisa lisebelisoa tsa terbium dysprosium iron giant magnetostrictive.
Ho tloha nalaneng ea nts'etsopele ea thepa ena United States, ho qaptjoa ha thepa le lits'ebetso tsa eona tsa pele tsa monopolistic li amana ka kotloloho le indasteri ea sesole (joalo ka sesole sa metsing).Le hoja mafapha a sesole le tšireletso a Chaena a ntse a matlafatsa kutloisiso ea bona ea boitsebiso bona butle-butle.Leha ho le joalo, ka mor'a hore Matla a Naha a Pharalletseng a Chaena a eketsehe haholo, litlhoko tsa ho phethahatsa leano la tlholisano ea sesole lekholong la bo21 la lilemo le ho ntlafatsa boemo ba thepa ka sebele e tla ba tse potlakileng haholo.Ka hona, ts'ebeliso e atileng ea terbium dysprosium iron giant magnetostrictive materials ke mafapha a sesole le a naha a tshireletso e tla ba tlhokahalo ea nalane.
Ka bokhutšoanyane, lisebelisoa tse ngata tse babatsehang tsa terbium li etsa hore e be setho sa bohlokoa sa lisebelisoa tse ngata tse sebetsang le boemo bo ke keng ba nkeloa sebaka likarolong tse ling tsa kopo.Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la theko e phahameng ea terbium, batho ba ntse ba ithuta mokhoa oa ho qoba le ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea terbium e le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso.Mohlala, lisebelisoa tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše tsa magneto-optical le tsona li lokela ho sebelisa dysprosium iron cobalt e theko e tlase kapa gadolinium terbium cobalt ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang;Leka ho fokotsa litaba tsa terbium ka phofo e tala ea fluorescent e lokelang ho sebelisoa.Theko e fetohile ntlha ea bohlokoa e thibelang tšebeliso e atileng ea terbium.Empa lisebelisoa tse ngata tse sebetsang ha li khone ho etsa ntle le eona, kahoo re tlameha ho khomarela molao-motheo oa "ho sebelisa tšepe e ntle holim'a lehare" 'me u leke ho boloka tšebeliso ea terbium ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang.
Nako ea poso: Jul-05-2023