Gadolinium zirconate(Gd₂Zr₂O₇), eo hape e tsejoang e le zirconate gadolinium, ke ceramic ea oxide e sa tloaelehang ea lefats'e e ratoang bakeng sa conductivity ea eona e tlase haholo ea mocheso le botsitso bo ikhethang ba mocheso. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, ke "super-insulator" mochesong o phahameng - mocheso ha o phalle ho eona habonolo. Thepa ena e etsa hore e be e loketseng bakeng sa liphahlo tsa thermal barrier (TBCs), tse sireletsang likarolo tsa enjene le turbine mochesong o feteletseng. Ha lefatše le ntse le hatela pele ho matla a hloekileng, a sebetsang hantle haholoanyane, lisebelisoa tse kang gadolinium zirconate li ntse li hapa tlhokomelo: li thusa lienjineri ho sebetsa hantle haholo, li chesa mafura a fokolang le ho fokotsa mesi.
Gadolinium Zirconate ke Eng?
Ka lik'hemik'hale, gadolinium zirconate ke ceramic e entsoeng ka pyrochlore: e na le li-cations tsa gadolinium (Gd) le zirconium (Zr) tse hlophisitsoeng ka lesela la mahlakore a mararo le oksijene. Mokhoa oa eona o atisa ho ngoloa Gd₂Zr₂O₇ (kapa ka linako tse ling Gd₂O₃·ZrO₂). kristale ena e laetsoeng (pyrochlore) e ka fetoha sebopeho sa fluorite se sa sebetseng hantle ka mocheso o phahameng haholo (~ 1530 ° C). Habohlokoa, yuniti ka 'ngoe ea foromo e na le sekheo sa oksijene - athomo ea oksijene e sieo - e hasanyang lifonone tse tsamaisang mocheso. Quirk eo ea sebopeho ke lebaka le leng la hore gadolinium zirconate e tsamaisa mocheso ka mokhoa o fokolang haholo ho feta lirafshoa tse tloaelehileng.
Epomaterial le barekisi ba bang ba etsa phofo e phahameng ea Gd₂Zr₂O₇ (hangata 99.9% e hloekileng, CAS 11073-79-3) ka ho khetheha bakeng sa likopo tsa TBC. Mohlala, leqephe la sehlahisoa sa Epomaterial le totobatsa "Gadolinium Zirconate ke ceramic e thehiloeng ho oxide e nang le conductivity e tlase ea mocheso" e sebelisoang ho li-TBC tsa plasma-spray. Litlhaloso tse joalo li totobatsa hore tšobotsi ea eona e tlaase-κ e bohareng ba bohlokoa ba eona. (Ka 'nete, lethathamo la Epomaterial bakeng sa "Zirconate Gadolinium (GZO)" phofo le e bontša e le lisebelisoa tse tšoeu, tse thehiloeng ho oxide.)
Hobaneng ho le Bohlokoa ho Tlatseha ha Thermal Conductivity?
Thermal conductivity (κ) e lekanya hore na mocheso o phalla habonolo hakae ka thepa. Gadolinium zirconate's κ e tlase ka mokhoa o makatsang bakeng sa ceramic, haholo-holo mochesong o kang oa enjene. Lithuto li tlaleha boleng ka tatellano ea 1–2 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ hoo e ka bang 1000 °C. Bakeng sa moelelo, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) - tekanyetso ea lilemo tse mashome ea TBC - e ka ba 2–3 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ ka mocheso o tšoanang. Phuputsong e 'ngoe, Wu et al. e fumane conductivity ea Gd₂Zr₂O₇ e le ~1.6 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ ka 700 °C, khahlano le ~2.3 bakeng sa YSZ tlas'a maemo a tšoanang. Tlaleho e 'ngoe e bolela mefuta e mengata ea 1.0–1.8 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ ho 1000 °C bakeng sa gadolinium zirconate, "tlase ho YSZ". Ha e le hantle, sena se bolela hore lera la GdZr₂O₇ le tla lumella mocheso o fokolang haholo ho feta YSZ e lekanang le mocheso o phahameng - monyetla o moholo oa ho kenya letsoho.
Melemo ea Bohlokoa ea Gadolinium Zirconate (Gd₂Zr₂O₇):
Ultra-low thermal conductivity: ~ 1–2 W/m·K ho 700–1000 °C, haholo ka tlase ho YSZ.
Boemo bo phahameng ba botsitso: E lula e tsitsitse ho fihla ho ~ 1500 °C, hole hole le moeli oa YSZ's ~1200 °C.
Katoloso e phahameng ea mocheso: E eketsa mocheso o mongata ho feta YSZ, e ka fokotsang khatello ea maikutlo ho lirafshoa.
Oxidation le corrosion resistance: E theha mekhahlelo e tsitsitseng ea oxide; e hanela li-deposit tsa CMAS tse qhibilihisitsoeng ho feta YSZ (li-zirconate tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše li atisa ho itšoara ka li-deposit tsa silicate le ho etsa likristale tse sireletsang).
Eco-impact: Ka ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba enjene/turbine, e thusa ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea mafura le mesi.
E 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea lintlha tsena e amana le ts'ebeliso ea matla le ho tšoarella. Hobane GdZr₂O₇ e sireletsa hantle, lienjine li hloka ho pholile hanyane 'me li khona ho sebetsa li chesa ho feta, li fetolela ka kotloloho ts'ebetsong e phahameng le tšebeliso e tlase ea mafura. Joalo ka ha boithuto ba Univesithi ea Virginia bo hlokometse, ts'ebetso e ntle ea TBC e bolela ho chesa "mafura a fokolang ho hlahisa matla a lekanang, ho bakang ... ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea khase e futhumatsang lefatše". Ka bokhutšoane, gadolinium zirconate e ka thusa mechini hore e tsamaee hantle.
Thermal Conductivity ka Tlhaloso
Ho araba potso ea bohlokoa "Thermal conductivity ea gadolinium zirconate ke efe?": E tlase haholo bakeng sa ceramic, e ka bang 1–2 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ sebakeng sa 700–1000 °C. Sena se netefalitsoe ke lithuto tse ngata. Wu et al. tlaleha ≈1.6 W/m·K ho 700 °C bakeng sa Gd₂Zr₂O₇, athe YSZ e ne e lekanya ≈2.3 tlas'a maemo a tšoanang. Shen et al. hlokomela “1.0–1.8 W/m·K ka 1000 °C”. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, conductivity ea YSZ ho 1000 °C hangata e haufi le 2–3 W/m·K. Ka mantsoe a letsatsi le letsatsi, ak'u nahane ka lithaelese tse peli tsa setofo se chesang: e nang le GdZr₂O₇ e boloka bokamorao bo pholile ho feta thaele ea YSZ ea botenya bo tšoanang.
Hobaneng ha Gd₂Zr₂O₇ e le tlase haholo? Sebopeho sa eona sa kristale ka tlhaho se sitisa ho phalla ha mocheso. Likheo tsa oksijene seleng e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe li hasanya li-phonon (li-carriers tsa mocheso), 'me boima bo boima ba athomo ea gadolinium bo eketsa ho thothomela ha letlapa. Joalokaha mohloli o mong o hlalosa, "sekheo sa oksijene se eketsa ho hasana ha phonon le ho fokotsa mocheso oa mocheso". Baetsi ba sebelisa thepa ena hampe: Lethathamo la lethathamo la lintlha tsa Epomaterial GdZr₂O₇ e sebelisoa ka har'a plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings ka ho khetheha ka lebaka la tlase κ. Ha e le hantle, microstructure ea eona e tšoara mocheso ka hare, e sireletsa tšepe e ka tlaase.
Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) le Lisebelisoa
Thermal mokoallo likoaheloke likarolo tsa ceramic tse sebelisoang likarolong tsa tšepe tse shebaneng le likhase tse chesang (joaloka li-blades tsa turbine). Ka ho bonahatsa le ho sireletsa mocheso khahlanong le mocheso, li-TBC li lumella lienjine le li-turbine ho sebetsa ka mocheso o phahameng ntle le ho qhibiliha. Gadolinium zirconate e hlahile e le athepa ea TBC ea moloko o latelang, e tlatsanang kapa e nkela sebaka YSZ maemong a feteletseng. Mabaka a bohlokoa a kenyelletsa botsitso le ho kenya letsoho:
Ts'ebetso ea mocheso o feteletseng:Phetoho ea karolo ea Gd₂Zr₂O₇ ea pyrochlore-to-fluorite e etsahala haufi.1530 °C, ka holimo ho YSZ's ~1200 °C. Sena se bolela hore liphahlo tsa GdZr₂O₇ li lula li tiile mochesong o bataolang oa likarolo tsa sejoale-joale tse chesang tsa turbine.
Ho hanyetsa hot corrosion:Liteko li bontša hore li-zirconate tse sa tloaelehang tse kang GdZr₂O₇ li itšoara ka litšila tsa enjene e qhibilihisitsoeng (seo ho thoeng ke CMAS: calcium-magnesium-alumino-silicate) ho etsa litiiso tse tsitsitseng tsa kristale, ho thibela ho kenella ho tebileng. Sena ke taba e kholo lienjineng tsa jete tse fofang moloreng oa seretse se chesang kapa lehlabatheng.
Li-Layered Coatings:Hangata lienjiniere li kopanya GdZr₂O₇ le YSZ ka mekotla e mengata. Ka mohlala, lesela le tšesaane la YSZ le ka thibela katoloso ea mocheso, athe GdZr₂O₇ top layer e fana ka insulation e phahameng le botsitso. Li-TBC tse joalo tsa "double-layer" li ka sebelisa lisebelisoa tse ntle ka ho fetisisa.
Lisebelisoa:Ka lebaka la litšobotsi tsena, GdZr₂O₇ e loketse lienjineri tsa moloko o latelang le likarolo tsa sepakapaka. Baetsi ba lienjine tsa jet le baqapi ba lirokete ba e thahasella, kaha ho mamella mocheso o phahameng ho bolela ho sutumelletsa le ho sebetsa hantle. Ka li-turbine tsa khase bakeng sa limela tsa motlakase (ho kenyeletsoa le tse kopantsoeng le mehloli ea matla a tsosolositsoeng), ho sebelisa liphahlo tsa GdZr₂O₇ ho ka pepesa matla a mangata ho tloha mafura a tšoanang. Mohlala, NASA e bolela hore ho fihlela "lithempereichara tse holimo tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea lienjine tsa turbine ea khase," YSZ ha ea lekana, 'me ho ntse ho ithutoa lisebelisoa tse kang gadolinium zirconate.
Esita le ka nģ'ane ho li-turbine, tsamaiso leha e le efe e hlokang tšireletso ea mocheso mochesong o feteletseng e ka rua molemo. Sena se kenyelletsa likoloi tse fofang tsa hypersonic, lienjine tsa makoloi tse sebetsang hantle haholo, esita le liteko tse amohelang matla a mocheso oa letsatsi moo khanya ea letsatsi e tobaneng le mocheso o feteletseng. Boemong bo bong le bo bong, sepheo se tšoana:insulate likarolo tse chesang ho ntlafatsa katleho ka kakaretso. Ho kenya letsoho ho betere ho bolela ho fokotsa ho tsidifala ho sa hlokahaleng, li-radiator tse nyane, meralo e bobebe, 'me haholo-holo, ho chesa mafura a fokolang kapa ho sebelisa matla a fokolang.
Moshoelella le Matla a Matla
Boemo ba tikoloho eagadolinium zirconatee tsoa ho karolo ea eona hoho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le ho fokotsa litšila. Ka ho lumella lienjineri le li-turbine ho sebetsa ka ho chesa le ho tsitsisa haholoanyane, liphahlo tsa GdZr₂O₇ li kenya letsoho ka kotloloho ho cheseng mafura a fokolang bakeng sa tlhahiso e tšoanang. Univesithi ea Virginia e totobatsa hore ho ntlafatsa li-TBC ho lebisa ho "chesa mafura a fokolang ho hlahisa matla a lekanang, ho fellang ka ... ho fokotsa likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše". Ka mantsoe a bonolo, peresente e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea katleho e fumanoeng e ka fetolela lithane tsa CO₂ tse bolokiloeng bophelong ba mochini.
Ak'u nahane ka sefofane: haeba li-turbine tsa sona li sebetsa hantle ho feta 3-5%, ho boloka mafura (le ho fokotsa mosi) ho feta likete tsa lifofane li ngata haholo. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, lifeme tsa motlakase - esita le tse chesang khase ea tlhaho - li rua molemo hobane li ka hlahisa motlakase o mongata ho tsoa ho cubic meter ea mafura. Ha li-grid tsa motlakase li kopanya lintho tse nchafalitsoeng le li-backups tsa turbine, ho ba le li-turbine tse sebetsang hantle haholo ho kokobetsa tlhokeho ea tlhokeho ka mafura a mangata a sa eketsoang.
Ka lehlakoreng la bareki, eng kapa eng e lelefatsang bophelo ba enjene kapa e fokotsang tlhokomelo le eona e na le phello ea tikoloho. Li-TBC tse sebetsang hantle haholo li ka lelefatsa bophelo ba likarolo tse chesang, ho bolelang hore ho na le tse fokolang le litšila tse fokolang tsa indasteri. 'Me ho latela pono ea ts'ebetso, GdZr₂O₇ ka boeona e tsitsitse lik'hemik'hale (e ke ke ea senya habonolo kapa ea lokolla mouoane o chefo), 'me mekhoa ea hona joale ea tlhahiso e lumella ho tsosolosoa ha phofo ea ceramic e sa sebelisoang. (Ha e le hantle, gadolinium ke lefats'e le sa tloaelehang, kahoo ho fumana boikarabelo le ho tsosolosoa ho bohlokoa. Empa sena ke 'nete bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsohle tsa theknoloji e phahameng, 'me liindasteri tse ngata li na le taolo ea ho fana ka thepa bakeng sa libaka tse sa tloaelehang.)
Likopo ho Green Technologies
Meloko e latelang ea Jet le Lienjine tsa Lifofane:Lienjineri tsa jete tsa sejoale-joale le tsa nakong e tlang li ikemiselitse ho chesa mocheso o phahameng ka ho fetesisa ho ntlafatsa litekanyo tsa boima ba 'mele le moruo oa mafura. Botsitso bo phahameng ba GdZr₂O₇ le tlase κ li tšehetsa sepheo sena ka kotloloho. Mohlala, lifofane tse tsoetseng pele tsa sesole le lifofane tse reriloeng tsa maemo a holimo li ka bona phaello ea ts'ebetso ho tsoa ho GdZr₂O₇ TBCs.
Mechini ea Liindasteri le Matla a Khase:Lisebelisoa li sebelisa li-turbine tse kholo tsa khase bakeng sa matla a holimo le bakeng sa limela tse kopaneng tsa potoloho. Liaparo tsa GdZr₂O₇ li lumella li-turbine tsena ho ntša matla a mangata ho tsoa ho peterole ka 'ngoe, ho bolelang hore li-megawate tse ngata tse nang le mafura a tšoanang kapa li-megawate tse tšoanang tse nang le mafura a fokolang. Ts'ebetso ena e sebetsang hantle e thusa ho fokotsa CO₂ ka MWh ea motlakase.
Sepakapaka (Likoloi tsa Sepakapaka le Tse Kenang Hape):Li-shuttle tsa sepakapaka le lirokete li na le ho khutla ho hoholo le ho kenya mocheso. Leha GdZr₂O₇ e sa sebelisoe holim'a libaka tsena kaofela, e ithutoa hore e sebelisoe liphaepheng tsa likoloi tsa hypersonic le li-nozzles tsa enjine bakeng sa likarolo tsa mocheso o phahameng haholo. Ntlafatso efe kapa efe e ka fokotsa litlhoko tsa ho pholisa kapa khatello ea lintho tse bonahalang.
Sistimi ea Matla a Tala:Ka lifemeng tsa matla a futhumatsang a letsatsi, liipone li lebisa khanya ea letsatsi holim'a lisebelisoa tse fihlang ho 1000+ °C. Ho roala li-receptors tsena ka li-ceramics tse tlaase joaloka GdZr₂O₇ ho ka ntlafatsa ho kenya letsoho, ho etsa hore phetoho ea letsatsi ho ea ho motlakase e sebetse hantle haholoanyane. Hape, lijenereithara tsa liteko tsa thermoelectric (tse fetolang mocheso ka ho toba motlakase) li rua molemo haeba lehlakore la tsona le chesang le lula le chesa haholo.
Libakeng tsena tsohle, hotšusumetso ea tikolohoe tlisoang ke ho sebelisa matla a fokolang (mafura kapa ho kenya matla) bakeng sa mosebetsi o le mong. Bokhoni bo phahameng ka linako tsohle bo bolela mocheso o tlase oa litšila 'me kahoo ho fokotsoa mesi bakeng sa tlhahiso e fanoeng. Joalo ka ha rasaense e mong oa thepa a e beha, lisebelisoa tse betere tsa TBC joalo ka gadolinium zirconate ke senotlolo sa "bokamoso bo tsitsitseng ba matla" ka ho nolofalletsa li-turbine le lienjine ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o phodileng, ho tšoarella nako e telele, le ho sebetsa hantle haholoanyane.
Lintlha-khōlō Tsa Theknoloji
Motsoako oa thepa ea Gadolinium zirconate o ikhethile. Ho akaretsa lintlha tse ling tse ikhethang:
Tlase κ, sebaka se phahameng sa ho qhibiliha:Sebaka sa eona sa ho qhibiliha ke ~ 2570 ° C, empa mocheso oa eona o sebetsang o lekanyelitsoe ke botsitso ba mohato (~ 1500 ° C). Leha e le ka tlase ho ho qhibiliha, e ntse e le insulator e ntle haholo.
Sebopeho sa kristale:E na le apyrochlorelattice (sehlopha sa sebaka Fd3m) se fetohangfluorite e senyehilengka mocheso o phahameng. Phetoho ena e laetsoeng ho ea ho e sa sebetseng ha e theole ts'ebetso ho fihlela ka holimo ho ~1200-1500 °C.
Katoloso ea mocheso:GdZr₂O₇ e na le coefficient e phahameng ea katoloso ea mocheso ho feta YSZ. Sena se ka ba molemo ka ho hokahanya likaroloana tsa tšepe hantle le ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho phatloha ha mocheso.
Lintho tsa mochini:Joalo ka ceramic e brittle, ha e thata ka ho khetheha - ka hona, hangata liratsoana li e sebelisa li kopane (mohlala, GdZr₂O₇ lera e tšesaane ka holim'a moalo oa motheo o thata haholoanyane).
Tlhahiso:GdZr₂O₇ TBCs e ka sebelisoa ka mekhoa e tloaelehileng (sefafatsi sa plasma ea atmospheric, suspension plasma spray, EB-PVD). Barekisi ba kang Epomaterial ba fana ka phofo ea GdZr₂O₇ e etselitsoeng ka ho khetheha bakeng sa spray ea plasma.
Lintlha tsena tsa tekheniki li leka-lekaneng ke phihlello: le hoja gadolinium le zirconium e le "li-elearth tse sa tloaelehang", oxide e hlahisoang ke lik'hemik'hale tse nang le lik'hemik'hale 'me li bolokehile hore li ka sebetsanoa le tšebeliso e tloaelehileng ea indasteri. (Ho lula ho hlokomeloa ho qoba ho hema phofo e ntle, empa Gd₂Zr₂O₇ ha e kotsi ho feta lirafshoa tse ling tsa oxide.)
Qetello
Zirconate gadolinium(Gd₂Zr₂O₇) ke lisebelisoa tsa ceramic tse ka sehloohong tse kopanyangnako e telele ea mochesokaka tsela e ikhethang e tlase mocheso conductivity. Litšobotsi tsena li e etsa hore e be e loketseng bakeng sa litšitiso tse tsoetseng pele tsa mocheso sebakeng sa sefofane, tlhahiso ea matla le lits'ebetso tse ling tsa mocheso o phahameng. Ka ho nolofalletsa mocheso o phahameng oa ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso e ntlafetseng ea enjene, gadolinium zirconate e kenya letsoho ka ho toba ho boloka matla le ho fokotsa mocheso - lipakane tse ka pelong ea theknoloji e tsitsitseng. Ts'ebetsong ea lienjineri le li-turbine tse tala, lisebelisoa tse kang GdZr₂O₇ li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa: li re lumella ho hatella meeli ea ts'ebetso ha re ntse re fokotsa sebaka sa rona sa tikoloho.
Bakeng sa baenjiniere le bo-rasaense ba lintho tse bonahalang, gadolinium zirconate e loketse ho shebella. Thermal conductivity ea eona (hoo e ka bang 1–2 W/m·K ho ~ 1000 °C) e har'a tse tlaase ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ceramic leha e le efe, leha ho le joalo e khona ho mamella mocheso o feteletseng oa li-turbine tsa moloko o latelang. Bafani ba thepa (ho kenyeletsoa le Epomaterial'szirconate gadolinium (GZO) 99.9%product) li se li ntse li fana ka thepa ena bakeng sa liphahlo tse futhumatsang, tse bonts'ang ts'ebeliso e ntseng e hola ea indasteri. Ha tlhokahalo e ntse e phahama bakeng sa litsamaiso tse hloekileng tsa sefofane le matla, tekano e ikhethang ea thepa ea gadolinium zirconate - e sireletsang mocheso ha e ntse e mamella - ke sona se hlokahalang.
Mehloli:Lithuto tse hlahlobiloeng ke lithaka le likhatiso tsa indasteri ka li-pyrochlores tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše le li-TBC. (Lethathamo la lihlahisoa tsa Epomaterial bakeng sa Gd₂Zr₂O₇ le fana ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa.) Tsena li tiisa boleng ba boleng bo tlase ba mocheso oa mocheso le ho totobatsa melemo ea ts'ebetso ea thepa e tsoetseng pele ea TBC.
Nako ea poso: Jun-04-2025