Tantalum chloride, hangata e bitsoamotsoako oa chloride(TaCl₅), ke motsoako o mosoeu, oa crystalline inorganic o bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa liindastering tse tsoetseng pele tsa lik'hemik'hale le tsa elektroniki. Ka mokhoa oa eona o hloekileng (formula TaCl₅) ke phofo e tšoeu 'me e sebetsa e le lisebelisoa tse qalang tsa lik'hemik'hale tse ngata tse thehiloeng ho tantalum. TaCl₅ e sebetsa haholo - e khona ho hydrolyze moeeng habonolo ho etsa tantalum oxychloride mme qetellong tantalum pentoxide - ka hona e tlameha ho sebetsoa ka tlasae se nang metsi(ho se na metsi) maemo. Kutloisiso ena ea mongobo e bolela hore TaCl₅ hangata e bolokoa ebe e romelloa ka lijaneng tse koetsoeng, tse omeletseng.
Sehloohong sena, re hlahlobalihlooho tse peli tse kholo: pele, ts'ebeliso ea mantlha ea tantalum chloride indastering le lipatlisiso; 'me ea bobeli, hore na TaCl₅ e hlahisoa le ho ntšoa joang thepa e tala. Puisano e tla fihlelleha ho batho bao e seng litsebi, ka litlhaloso tse hlakileng le litlhahiso tsa hore na setšoantšo kapa tafole e ka thusa ho utloisisa. Kae kapa kae moo ho khonahalang, re tla shebana le mehloli ea tekheniki ho netefatsa bonnete, ho kenyeletsoa lintlha tse tsoang ho lingoliloeng tsa lihlahisoa tse ikhethang.
Tšebeliso e kholo ea Tantalum Chloride
Tantalum pentachloride ke k'hemik'hale e sebetsang haholomaharengle catalyst. Hobane ke matlaAsiti ea Lewis(moamoheli oa li-electron-pair), TaCl₅ e sebelisoa mekhoeng e fapaneng ea maiketsetso le lits'ebetsong tsa thepa. Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa bohlokoa li kenyelletsa:
● Catalyst in organic synthesis:TaCl₅ e sebetsa joalo ka sehlahisoa sa electrophilic joalo ka aluminium chloride (AlCl₃). E sebelisoa ho khothaletsa karabelo e ikhethang, mohlala, polymerizations kapaFriedel-Craftsmofuta oa acylations le alkylations. E 'nile ea sebelisoa e le sesosa sa polycyclotrimerization ea li-alkyne tse itseng (polymer-forming reactions) le ho lokisetsa metsoako ea chloro-aryloxide.
● Selelekela sa tantalum oxides le oxychlorides:Hobane TaCl₅ hydrolyzes ho tantalum oxychloride (TaOCl₃) ebe tantalum pentoxide (Ta₂O₅), e sebelisoa khafetsa ho etsa lisebelisoa tseo. Ta₂O₅ ke dielectric oxide ea bohlokoa e sebelisoang ho li-capacitor tsa boleng bo holimo le liphahlo. Ha e le hantle, TaCl₅ e ka fetoloa (ka ho eketsa metsi kapa ammonia) hore e be tantalum oxides e hloekileng haholo kapa ammonium oxychloride e ntan'o calcined ho oxides. Tsela ena ke le leng la mabaka a etsang hore TaCl₅ e be sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa bakeng sa indasteri ea tantalum.
● Ho beha thepa ea semiconductor:Indastering ea microelectronics, TaCl₅ e sebelisoa e le selelekela sa khase bakeng saMouoane oa lik'hemik'hale (CVD)leho beha lera la athomo (ALD)ea lifilimi tse tšesaane tse nang le tantalum. Mohlala, mouoane oa TaCl₅ o ka ts'oaroa ka ammonia kapa nitrogen plasmas ho kenya lifilimi tse tšesaane tsa tantalum nitride (TaN), thepa e sebelisoang e le sethibelo sa phallo kapa electrode lipotolohong tse kopaneng. E boetse e sebelisetsoa ho kenya lifilimi tsa tantalum pentoxide bakeng sa li-capacitor. Ho tsitsa ha eona libakeng tsa chlorine ho etsa hore e be e loketseng bakeng sa mekhoa ena e phahameng ea mocheso.
● Lisebelisoa tsa elektronike le li-alloys:Qetellong, boholo ba TaCl₅ e hlahisoang bo fetoleloa hotšepe ea tantalumbakeng sa ho sebelisoa likarolong tsa elektronike. Li-capacitor tsa Tantalum - li-capacitor tse nyane tse sebelisoang mehalang ea cellular, lilaptop, le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa elektroniki - li itšetleha ka Ta₂O₅ ea boleng bo holimo (e nkiloeng ho TaCl₅) joalo ka dielectric. TaCl₅ ka boeona ke lejoe la ho hatakela: e ka fokotsoa (mohlala ka sodium kapa aluminium) ho hlahisa phofo e ntle ea tantalum, e ntan'o etsoa li-capacitor le li-alloys tse phahameng tsa mocheso. Ka bokhutšoanyane, TaCl₅ ebohlokoa bakeng sa ho etsa tšepe ea tantalum'me kahoo ho indasteri eohle ea tantalum capacitor. (Tafole kapa flowchart e akaretsang phetoho ea TaCl₅ hore e be lihlahisoa tsa tšepe, oxide, le nitride e ka thusa babali ho bona litsela tsena ka mahlo a kelello.)
Ka kakaretso, tantalum pentachloride e sebelisoa kae kapa kae moo metsoako kapa lifilimi tsa tantalum li hlokahalang. E nolofalletsa bobelimekhoa ea lik'hemik'hale tse phelang(e le sesebelisoa le chlorinating agent) lemekhoa ea lisebelisoa(ho beoa ha lifilimi, synthesis ea oxides). Ho latela lintlha tsa moetsi, TaCl₅ "e sebetsa e le sesebelisoa sa ho qala bakeng sa metsoako e mecha ea "octahedral M₆ cluster" e amehang ho etseng tantalum(V) oxychloride le pentoxide. Sebopeho sa eona sa electrophilic (elektrone-lerato), se ts'oanang le sa li-catalyst tsa khale joalo ka AlCl₃, e totobatsa karolo ea eona ho k'hemistri e tsoetseng pele.
Kamoo Tantalum Chloride e Lokisitsoeng kateng
Ho hlahisa tantalum pentachloride ho kenyelletsa chlorinating tantalum ka mokhoa o itseng. Ho na le litsela tse peli tse kholo: chlorination ea tšepe ea tantalum, le chlorination ea metsoako ea tantalum (hangata ke oxides). Maemong 'ohle, karabelo e tlameha ho etsoa sebakeng se omileng, se se nang oksijene. Mekhoa ea mantlha ke:
● Chlorination e tobileng ea metallic tantalum:Tantalum e arohaneng hantle (hangata e filing kapa phofo) e futhumatsoa ka khase ea chlorine. Mocheso o ka bang 170-250 °C, chlorine e kopana le tšepe ho etsa mouoane oa TaCl₅:
2 Ta+5 Cl2⟶2 TaCl5.2\,Ta + 5\,Cl_2 \longrightarrow 2\,TaCl_5.
Karabelo ena e matla e fetola tšepe ho chloride kapele. Ha e le hantle, tantalum e behoa ka sebōping kapa sekontiri 'me khase ea Cl₂ e phalla holim'a eona ka mocheso o laoloang. Mouoane o hlahang oa TaCl₅ o ntan'o koaheloa hore e be mokelikeli kapa o tiileng ha o ntse o pholile. (Mokhoa o amanang o sebelisa khase ea hydrogen chloride (HCl) sebakeng sa Cl₂, empa sena se hloka mocheso o phahameng - ho pota 400 ° C - ho khanna karabelo.)
● Khlorin e sa tobang (ho tloha ho oxides):Hangata, tšepe e phahameng ea tantalum ha e fumanehe habonolo kapa e theko e boima haholo. Ho e-na le hoo, motho a ka qala ka tantalum pentoxide (Ta₂O₅), e nang le litekanyo tse ngata tsa ore. Ta₂O₅ e ka fetoleloa ho TaCl₅ ka ho sebelisa chlorinating agent joalo kathionyl chloride (SOCl₂). Karabo ke:
Ta2O5+5 SOCl2→240∘C2 TaCl5+5 SO2.\text{Ta}_2\text{O}_5 + 5\,SOCl_2 \xrightarrow{240^\circ\text{C}} 2\,TaCl_5 + 5\,SO_2.
Ka mokhoa ona, Ta₂O₅ e tiileng e kopantsoe le SOCl₂ ea metsi mme e futhumetse (e ka bang 240 ° C). SOCl₂ ka katleho e fetola oxide ho chloride, e hlahisa khase ea sulfur dioxide e le sehlahisoa. Tsela ena e sa tobang e na le thuso ha o sebetsa ka phofshoana ea oxide 'me e ka hlahisa TaCl₅ e hloekileng haholo.
Mekhoa ka bobeli e ka holimo e hlahisaTaCl₅ khase, eo joale e tlamehang ho ba tengkoaletsoe le ho hloekisoa. Ha e le hantle, khase e nang le chlorine e pholisoe e le hore TaCl₅ e qhibilihe (sebaka se belang ~239 °C). Distillation hangata e sebelisoa ho arola TaCl₅ ho litšila life kapa life kapa lisebelisoa tse belang hanyane. Ka mohlala, ha ho etsoa synthesizing ka laboratoring, motho a ka 'na a fetisa khase ka leraba le batang kapa letoto la li-condenser. Ka mor'a condensation, sehlahisoa se omisitsoe (se futhumetse ka bonolo tlas'a vacuum) ho tlosa mesaletsa ea mongobo. Sena se etsa hore ho be le 'mala o mosoeu o hloekileng. (Atafoleho akaretsa mekhoa ena ea ho kopanya - ho thathamisa li-reactants, maemo, le lihlahisoa - ho ka thusa ho bapisa litsela ka lehlakore.)
● Ho ntšoa ha liindasteri ho tsoa ore:Ka tekanyo e kholo, tantalum e atisa ho fumanoa liminerale tse kang tantalite kapa coltan, tse nang le tantalum le niobium oxides. Ts'ebetsong e le 'ngoe ea indasteri, motsoako oa ore o kopantsoe le carbon (coke) mme o itšoara ka khase ea chlorine mocheso o phahameng. Carbochlorination ena e fetola li-oxide ho li-chloride tse sa fetoheng. Mathomong, motswako wa titanium, niobium le tantalum chloride o a bopega e be o gola go ba seela seo se bitšwago “titanium-niobium-tantalum oxichloride.” Mokelikeli ona o hloekisitsoe ka mokhoa o fokolang: titanium tetrachloride ea pele (TiCl₄) e tlosoa (e bela ka 136 ° C), e siea boholo ba niobium le tantalum chlorides. Motsoako o setseng o ntse o hloekisoa hape (haeba ho hlokahala) ho fetolela oxychloride efe kapa efe hore e be pentachlorides. Qetellong, niobium chloride (NbCl₅) le tantalum chloride (TaCl₅) li arohanngoa ke distillation e fokolang, kaha TaCl₅ e pheha ka 239 ° C le NbCl₅ ho 248 ° C. Sephetho se hloekisitsoe TaCl₅. Hangata TaCl₅ ena e sebelisoa ka ammonia e nang le metsi ho hlahisa ammonium tantalum fluoride kapa oxychloride, eo ka ho bala e hlahisang Ta₂O₅ e hloekileng haholo. Ha e le hantle, TaCl₅ e sebetsa e le setsi sa ho hloekisa tantalum ho tsoa ho ores ea eona. Asetlankanaho bontša mehato ena - ho tloha ho ore e tala ho ea ho TaCl₅ ho ea ho oxide - ho ka thusa babali ho bona ka mahlo a kelello tšebetso ea indasteri.
Ka kakaretso, tantalum chloride e hlahisoa ke halogenation ea tšepe ea tantalum kapa metsoako. Chlorination e tobileng ea Ta metal e nang le Cl₂ ke tsela e bonolo ka ho fetisisa ea lab, ha mekhoa ea indasteri e atisa ho sebelisa chlorination e phahameng ea mocheso oa tantalum oxide e sebetsanang le carbon (carbochlorination) kapa ka lisebelisoa tse ling tsa chlorinating. TaCl₅ e nang le gaseous e ntan'o khutsufatsoa ebe e tšeloa ka bohloeki bo phahameng. Habohlokoa, lengolo la tekheniki la moetsi e mong le totobatsa hore TaCl₅ e sebelisoa ho "chlorination of organic substances" hape e le "chemical intermediate" ho hlahiseng tšepe e hloekileng ea tantalum, e totobatsang karolo ea eona e le reagent le senotlolo sa bohareng.
Kakaretso
Tantalum Chloride(TaCl₅) ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea lik'hemik'hale indastering ea tantalum. E sebelisoa haholo joalo ka alintho tse qalangho etsa metsoako e meng ea tantalum (oxides, nitrides, metals) mme e sebetsa joalo kaLewis acid catalystka liphetoho tse khethehileng tsa lik'hemik'hale. Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng li tloha ho lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki (tantalum capacitor, semiconductor thin films) ho isa ho organic synthesis e tsoetseng pele. Hobane TaCl₅ ha e na mongobo ebile e senya, ho sebetsana le eona ho hloka maemo a thata a omileng.
Tlhahiso ea TaCl₅ e kenyelletsa chlorinating tantalum ka mokhoa o itseng. Ka laboratoring, sena se bolela ho sebetsana le Ta metal kapa oxide e nang le chlorine (kapa mehloli ea chlorine). Ka indasteri, ho bolela ho sebelisa chlorination e phahameng ea mocheso oa ore concentrates, hangata ka carbon, e lateloa ke distillation. Litsela tsohle li hloka tlhoekiso e hlokolosi ho arola TaCl₅ e hloekileng le ho tlosa lihlahisoa.
Ho utloisisa ka bobelitshebedisolemekhoa ea tlhahisoea tantalum chloride e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ananela karolo ea eona theknolojing ea sejoale-joale. Ka ho kopanya lintlha tsa motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale le lits'ebetso tse sebetsang (le ho fana ka lithuso tse bonoang moo li thusang), babali ba ka bona kamoo motsoako ona o bonahalang o sa hlaka hantle e leng lets'oao la lisebelisoa tse thehiloeng ho tantalum ho elektronike, k'hemistri le ho feta.
Nako ea poso: May-30-2025