1, Selelekela sa Motheo
Lebitso la Sechaena:Barium, Lebitso la Senyesemane:Barium, letshwao la elementeBa, nomoro ea athomo ea 56 tafoleng ea periodic, ke sehlopha sa IIA sa tšepe ea alkaline ea lefats'e e nang le boima ba 3.51 g / cubic centimeter, sebaka se qhibilihisang sa 727 ° C (1000 K, 1341 ° F), le ntlha e belang ea 1870 °. C (2143 K, 3398 ° F). Barium ke tšepe ea lefats'e e nang le alkaline e nang le 'mala o mosoeu oa silevera, o nang le' mala oa lelakabe o mosehla o motala, o bonolo le oa ductile.Bariume na le lik'hemik'hale tse sebetsang haholo 'me e khona ho sebetsana le boholo ba lintho tse seng tsa tšepe.Bariumha ho mohla e kileng ea fumanoa e le ntho e le 'ngoe ea tlhaho.Bariumletsoai le chefo ntle lebariumsulfate. Holim'a moo,barium ea tšepee na le ho fokotseha ho matla mme e ka fokotsa boholo ba li-oxide tsa tšepe, halides, le sulfide ho fumana litšepe tse tsamaellanang. Litaba tsabariumkarolong e ka holimo ke 0.05%, 'me liminerale tse tloaelehileng haholo tlhahong ke barite (bariumsulfate) le ho omella (bariumkhabonete). Barium e sebelisoa haholo masimong a kang lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, ceramics, meriana le petroleum.
2、 The Discovery ofBariumle Boemo ba Ntlafatso ea ChinaBariumIndasteri
1. Histori e khuts'oane ea ho sibolloa habarium
Alkaline earth metal sulfide e bontša phosphorescence, ho bolelang hore e tsoela pele ho hlahisa leseli lefifing ka nako e itseng ka mor'a ho pepesehela leseli. Ke hantle ka lebaka la tšobotsi enabariummetsoako e se e qalile ho hapa tlhokomelo.
Ka 1602, V. Casiorolus, moetsi oa lieta Bologna, Italy, o ile a sibolla hore barite e tšetsengbariumsulfate e ntsha kganya lefifing ka mora ho e besa ka dintho tse tukang. Ketsahalo ena e ile ea tsosa thahasello ea litsebi tsa k'hemistri tsa Europe. Ka 1774, setsebi sa k'hemistri sa Sweden CW Scheele se ile sa sibolla ntho e ncha ka har'a barite, empa ha aa ka a khona ho e arola, haese feela oxide ea element eo. Ka 1776, Johan Gottlieb Gahn o ile a arola oxide ena phuputsong e tšoanang. Baryta qalong e ne e bitsoa barote ke Guyton de Morveau, 'me hamorao ea rehoa baryta (lefatše le boima) ke Antoine Lavoisier. Ka 1808, setsebi sa k'hemistri sa Borithane Humphry Davy se sebelisitse mercury joalo ka cathode, platinum joalo ka anode, le electrolyzed barite (BaSO4) ho hlahisa.bariumamalgam. Ka mor'a hore ho be le distillation ho tlosa mercury, tšepe e nang le bohloeki bo fokolang e ile ea fumanoa 'me ea rehoa lebitsobarium.
Lisebelisoa tsa indasteri le tsona li na le nalane ea lilemo tse fetang lekholo
Khale koana bohareng ba lekholo la bo19 la lilemo, batho ba ile ba qala ho sebelisa barite (minerale ea bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhahisobariumlebariumcompounds) joalo ka setlatsi sa lipente. Ho tloha lekholong lena la lilemo, barite e fetohile thepa e ka sehloohong e tala bakeng sa ho etsa mefuta e sa tšoanengbariume nang le lihlahisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale. Ka lebaka la boholo ba eona, thepa ea lik'hemik'hale e tsitsitseng, 'me e sa qhibilihe ka metsing le li-acids, barite e' nile ea sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa boima bakeng sa seretse sa ho cheka oli le khase ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1920.Bariumsulfate e sebelisoa ha ho etsoa li-pigments tse tšoeu 'me e ka sebelisoa e le ho tlatsa le ho etsa mebala bakeng sa rabara.
2. Boemo ba Chinabariumindasteri
Tloaelehilengbariumletsoai kenyeletsabariumsulfate,bariumnitrate, barium chloride,bariumcarbonate,bariumcyanide, joalo-joalo.Bariumlihlahisoa tsa letsoai li sebelisoa haholo indastering ea elektroniki e le li-additives bakeng sa li-tubes tsa litšoantšo tsa mebala le lisebelisoa tsa makenete.
Hajoale, China e fetohile mohlahisi o moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng oabariumletsoai. Bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo lefatšeng ka bophara babariumcarbonate e ka ba lithane tse 900000, ka tlhahiso ea lithane tse ka bang 700000, athe tlhahiso ea selemo ea selemo ea Chaena e ka bang lithane tse 700000, ka tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ea lithane tse ka bang 500000, e leng karolo ea 70% ea lefatše lohle.bariummatla a tlhahiso ea carbonate le tlhahiso. tsa Chinabariumlihlahisoa tsa carbonate li 'nile tsa romeloa linaheng tse ling ka bongata bo boholo ka nako e telele,' me Chaena e fetohile morekisi o moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng oabariumcarbonate.
Mathata a Hlahisoeng ke Tsoelopele eaBariumIndasteri ea Letsoai Chaena
Leha China e le mohlahisi e moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng le morekisi oa kantle oabariumcarbonate, ha se mohlahisi ea matla oa barium carbonate. Ntlha ea pele, ho na le tse 'maloa tse kholobariumlikhoebo tsa tlhahiso ea carbonate Chaena, 'me ho na le likhoebo tse fokolang haholo tse fihletseng tlhahiso e kholo; Ea bobeli, Chaenabariumlihlahisoa tsa carbonate li na le sebopeho se le seng 'me ha li na lihlahisoa tsa theknoloji e phahameng. Leha lifeme tse ling hajoale li ntse li etsa lipatlisiso le ho hlahisa bohloeki bo phahamengbariumcarbonate, botsitso ba eona bo futsanehile. Bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse hloekileng haholo, China e boetse e hloka ho reka kantle ho likhamphani tse kang Jeremane, Italy le Japane. Ho phaella moo, lilemong tsa morao tjena, linaha tse ling li fetohile barekisi ba bacha babariumcarbonate, joalo ka Russia, Brazil, Korea Boroa, le Mexico, e lebisang ho tlatseleng ho feteletseng linaheng tsa machababarium'maraka oa carbonate, o bileng le tšusumetso e kholo ho Chinabariumindasteri ea carbonate. Bahlahisi ba ikemiselitse ho fokotsa litheko e le hore ba phele. Ka nako e ts'oanang, likhoebo tsa kantle ho naha tsa China le tsona li tobane le lipatlisiso tse khahlanong le ho lahla ho tsoa kantle ho naha. Ka ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea litlhoko tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, tse lingbariumlikhoebo tsa tlhahiso ea letsoai Chaena le tsona li tobane le mathata a ts'ireletso ea tikoloho. E le ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea Chinabariumindasteri ea letsoai,bariumlikhoebo tsa tlhahiso ea letsoai Chaena li lokela ho nka tšireletso ea tikoloho le polokeho e le motheo, li tsoela pele ho etsa lipatlisiso le ho hlahisa theknoloji e tsoetseng pele, le ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse ncha tse finyellang litlhoko tsa linako le ho ba le litaba tsa theknoloji e phahameng.
Lintlha tsa tlhahiso le ho romela kantle ho naha ea Barite naheng ea China
Ho ea ka boitsebiso bo tsoang ho United States Geological Survey, tlhahiso ea barite Chaena e ne e le lithane tse ka bang limilione tse 41 ka 2014. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo tsa meetlo ea Chaena, ho tloha ka January ho ea ho December 2014, Chaena e ile ea romela lik'hilograma tse 92588597 tsabariumsulfate, keketseho ea 0.18% ha e bapisoa le nako e tšoanang selemong se fetileng. Kakaretso ya boleng ba diyantle e ne e le didolara tsa Amerika tse 65496598, e leng keketseho ya 20.99% papisong le nako e tshwanang selemong se fetileng. Theko ya yuniti ya diyantle e ne e le 0.71 ya didolara tsa Amerika ka kilogram, e leng keketseho ya 0.12 ya didolara tsa Amerika ka kilogram ha e bapisoa le nako e tshwanang ya ngoahola. Har'a bona, ka December 2014, Chaena e ile ea romela lik'hilograma tse 8768648 tsabariumsulfate, keketseho ea 8.19% ha e bapisoa le nako e tšoanang selemong se fetileng. Chelete e romelloang kantle ho naha e ne e le lidolara tsa Amerika tse 8385141, e leng keketseho ea 5.1% ha e bapisoa le nako e tšoanang selemong se fetileng.
Ho latela lintlha tsa moetlo oa China, ka Phuptjane 2015, China e ile ea romela lithane tse 170000 tsabariumsulfate, phokotseho ea 1.7% ha e bapisoa le nako e tšoanang selemong se fetileng; Halofong ya pele ya selemo, palo ya koketso ya diyantle e ne e le ditone tse dimilione tse 1.12, phokotseho ya 6.8% papisong le nako e tshwanang selemong se fetileng; Palo e tshwanang ya thomelontle e fokotsehile ka 5.4% le 9% ka tatelano papisong le nako e tshwanang selemong se fetileng.
3, Kabo le Tlhahiso ea Lisebelisoa tsa Barium (Barite).
1. Kabo ea lisebelisoa tsa barium
Litaba tsabariumkarolong e ka holimo ke 0,05%, boemo ba 14. Liminerale tse ka sehloohong tsa tlhaho ke barite (bariumsulfate BaSO4) le pona (bariumcarbonate BaCO3). Har'a bona, barite ke diminerale e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa ea barium, e entsoeng kabariumsulfate 'me e hlaha methapong ea mocheso o tlase oa hydrothermal, joalo ka methapo ea quartz barite, methapo ea fluorite barite, joalo-joalo. Toxicite ke e 'ngoe e kholo.bariume nang le liminerale ka tlhaho, ho phaella ho barite, le karolo ea eona e ka sehloohong kebariumcarbonate.
Ho ea ka lintlha tse tsoang ho United States Geological Survey ka 2015, mohloli oa lefats'e oa barite o ka bang lithane tse 2 bilione, tseo ho tsona lithane tse limilione tse 740 li pakiloeng. Libaka tsa polokelo ea barite lefatšeng ka bophara ke lithane tse limilione tse 350. China ke naha e nang le mehloli e mengata ea barite. Linaha tse ling tse nang le lisebelisoa tse ruileng tsa barite li kenyelletsa Kazakhstan, Türkiye, India, Thailand, United States le Mexico. Mehloli e tsebahalang ea barite lefatšeng e kenyelletsa Westman Land e UK, Felsbonne e Romania, Saxony Jeremane, Tianzhu e Guizhou, Heifenggou e Gansu, Gongxi e Hunan, Liulin e Hubei, Xiangzhou e Guangxi, le Shuiping e Shaanxi.
Ho ea ka boitsebiso bo tsoang United States Geological Survey ka 2015, tlhahiso ea lefats'e ea barite e ne e le lithane tse limilione tse 9.23 ka 2013 'me e eketsehile ho lithane tse limilione tse 9.26 ka 2014. Ka 2014, Chaena e ne e le mohlahisi e moholo ka ho fetisisa oa barite, ka tlhahiso ea lithane tse limilione tse 4.1. , e nkang hoo e ka bang 44.3% ea kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea lefatše. India, Morocco le United States li maemong a bobeli, a boraro le a bone ka ho latellana, ka tlhahiso ea lithane tse limilione tse 1.6, lithane tse limilione tse 1 le lithane tse 720000.
2. Kabo eaBariumLisebelisoa tsa China
China e ruile kabariumlisebelisoa tsa tšepe, ka polokelo e boletsoeng esale pele ea lithane tse fetang 1 bilione. Ho feta moo, boemo ba ore ea barium bo batla bo phahame, 'me mehloli ea eona le tlhahiso ea eona hajoale e behiloe pele lefatšeng. E tloaelehileng haholobariume nang le diminerale ka tlhaho ke barite. Sebaka sa lefats'e sa polokelo ea barite ke lithane tse limilione tse 350, ha sebaka sa polokelo ea barite Chaena e le lithane tse limilione tse 100, e leng karolo ea hoo e ka bang 29% ea kakaretso ea polokelo ea lefatše 'me e behoa pele lefatšeng.
Ho ea ka lintlha tse ho "Exploration of the Main Mineral Concentration Areas and Resource Potential of China's Barite Mines" (Chemical Mineral Geology, 2010), China e ruile ka mehloli ea barite, e abuoang liprofinseng tse 24 naheng ka bophara, ka mehloli le boemo ba tlhahiso. pele lefatšeng. Ho na le libaka tsa merafo tse 195 tse nang le lipolokelo tse netefalitsoeng Chaena, tse nang le pokello ea mehloli e netefalitsoeng ea lithane tse limilione tse 390 tsa ore. Ho tloha kabong ea liprofinse (ea lebatooa) ea barite, Profinse ea Guizhou e na le merafo ea barite ka ho fetesisa, e nkang karolo ea 34% ea pokello eohle ea naha; Hunan, Guangxi, Gansu, Shaanxi le liprofinse tse ling (libaka) li nka sebaka sa bobeli. Liprofinse tse ka holimo tse hlano li nka 80% ea libaka tsa polokelo ea naha. Mofuta oa depositi haholo-holo o sedimentary, o nka 60% ea kakaretso ea polokelo. Ho feta moo, ho boetse ho na le mefuta e laoloang ke lera (endogenetic), volcanic sedimentary, hydrothermal, le weathered (residual slope). Nako ea ho etsa liminerale haholo-holo mehleng ea Paleozoic, 'me li-deposit tsa barite le tsona li ile tsa thehoa nakong ea Sinian le Mesozoic Cenozoic.
Litšobotsi tsa Barite Mineral Resources Chaena
Ho latela pono ea bongata, liminerale tsa barite Chaena li ajoa haholo sebakeng se bohareng; Mabapi le maemo, hoo e batlang e le liminerale tsohle tse ruileng li tsepame haholo Guizhou le Guangxi; Ho latela pono ea sekala sa depositi ea ore, li-depositi tsa barite tsa China li kholo haholo ebile li na le boholo bo mahareng. Ke libaka tse peli feela tsa merafo tsa Guizhou Tianzhu Dahe Bian le Hunan Xinhuang Gongxi tse etsang karolo e fetang halofo ea libaka tsa polokelo libakeng tsena. Hangata, mofuta o le mong oa barite ke mofuta o ka sehloohong oa ore, 'me motsoako oa liminerale le motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale li batla li le bonolo ebile li hloekile, joalo ka morafo oa Hunan Xinhuang Gongxi barite. Ho feta moo, ho boetse ho na le mehloli e meholo ea liminerale tse kopanetsoeng le tse amanang le tsona tse ka sebelisoang ka botlalo.
4, Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea barium
1. Tokisetso eabarium
Ho hlahisoa ha metallic barium indastering ho kenyelletsa mehato e 'meli: tlhahiso ea barium oxide le tlhahiso ea metallic barium ka ho fokotsa mocheso oa tšepe (aluminothermic phokotso).
(1) Tokisetso eabariumoxide
Ore ea boleng bo holimo ea barite pele e hloka khetho ea matsoho le ho phaphamala, e lateloa ke ho tlosoa ha tšepe le silicon ho fumana concentrate e nang le ho feta 96%.bariumsulfate. Kopanya phofo ea diminerale ka boholo bo ka tlase ho 20 mesh le mashala kapa petroleum coke powder ka tekanyo ea boima ba 4: 1, le calcine ho 1100 ℃ ka sebōping sa reverberator.Bariumsulfate e fokotsehile ho barium sulfide (eo hangata e tsejoang e le "black ash"), e tšeloang ka metsi a chesang ho fumana tharollo ea barium sulfide. E le ho fetola barium sulfide ho barium carbonate precipitation, hoa hlokahala ho eketsa sodium carbonate kapa ho hlahisa carbon dioxide ka har'a tharollo ea metsi a barium sulfide. Kopanya barium carbonate le carbon powder le calcine ka holimo ho 800 ℃ ho fumana barium oxide. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore barium oxide oxidize ho theha barium peroxide ho 500-700 ℃, le barium peroxide e ka bola ho theha.bariumoxide e 700-800 ℃. Ka hona, ho qoba ho hlahisa peroxide ea barium, lihlahisoa tsa calcined li hloka ho pholile kapa ho tima tlas'a tšireletso ea khase ea inert.
(2) Tlhahiso eatšepe ea bariumka mokhoa oa ho fokotsa mocheso oa aluminothermic
Ho na le maikutlo a mabeli bakeng sa phokotso ea aluminium eabariumoxide ka lebaka la metsoako e fapaneng:
6BaO+2Al → 3BaO • Al2O3+3Ba ↑
Kapa: 4BaO+2Al → BaO • Al2O3+3Ba ↑
Ka mocheso ho tloha ho 1000 ho isa ho 1200 ℃, liketso tsena tse peli li hlahisa hanyane haholo.barium, kahoo hoa hlokahala ho sebelisa pompo ea vacuum ho fetisetsa kamehlabariummouoane ho tloha sebakeng sa karabelo ho ea sebakeng sa condensation e le hore karabelo e tsoele pele ho ea ka ho le letona. Masala ka mor'a karabelo e chefo 'me e ka lahloa feela ka mor'a phekolo.
2. Ho lokisetsa metsoako e tloaelehileng ea barium
(1) Mokhoa oa ho lokisetsa oabariumcarbonate
① Mokhoa oa carbonization
Mokhoa oa carbonization haholo-holo o kenyelletsa ho kopanya barite le mashala ka tekanyo e itseng, ho li pshatla ka sebōping sa rotary, le ho halika le ho li fokotsa ho 1100-1200 ℃ ho fumana barium sulfide e qhibiliha. Carbon dioxide e kenngoa ka har'abariumtharollo ea sulfide bakeng sa carbonization, le tse fumanoengbariumcarbonate slurry e hlatsuoa ka desulfurization le ho hloekisoa ka vacuum. Ka mor'a moo, e omisitsoe mme e sithabelitsoe ka 300 ℃ ho fumana sehlahisoa se phethiloeng sa barium carbonate. Mokhoa ona o amoheloa ke bahlahisi ba bangata ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e bonolo le theko e tlaase.
② Mokhoa o rarahaneng oa ho bola
Sehlahisoa sa ho qetela sabariumcarbonate e ka fumanoa ka karabelo ea ho bola habeli pakeng tsa barium sulfide le ammonium carbonate, kapa ka karabelo pakeng tsa barium chloride le potassium carbonate. Sehlahisoa se hlahisoang se hlatsuoa, se tlhotliloeng, se omisitsoe, joalo-joalo.
③ Molao oa Petrochemical o Bohloko o Bohloko
Phofo e boima ea chefo e sebelisoa ka letsoai la ammonium ho etsa hore e qhibilihebariumletsoai, le ammonium carbonate e sebelisoa hape hore e sebelisoe. E qhibilihangbariumletsoai le eketsoa ho ammonium carbonate ho etsa precipitate refined barium carbonate, e tlhotliloeng le ho omisoa ho hlahisa sehlahisoa se felileng. Ho feta moo, joala ba 'm'e bo fumanoeng bo ka sebelisoa hape le ho sebelisoa hape.
(2) Mokhoa oa ho lokisetsa oabariumtitanate
① Mokhoa o tiileng oa mohato
Bariumtitanate e ka lokisoa ka calciningbariumcarbonate le titanium dioxide, e ka tšeptjoang ka lintho tse ling.
② Mokhoa oa ho nyenyefatsa
Qholotsabariumchloride le tetrachloride ea titanium ka motsoako oa lintho tse lekanang, mocheso ho isa ho 70 ° C, ebe o theola oxalic acid ho fumana pula ea hydrate.bariumtitanate [BaTiO (C2O4) 2-4H2O]. Hlatsoa, o omella, ebe o pyrolysis ho fumana titanate ea barium.
(3) Mokhoa oa ho lokisetsa oabariumchloride
Mokhoa oa tlhahiso eabariumchloride haholo-holo e kenyelletsa mokhoa oa hydrochloric acid,bariummokhoa oa carbonate, mokhoa oa calcium chloride, le mokhoa oa magnesium chloride ho latela mekhoa e fapaneng kapa thepa e tala.
① Mokhoa oa Hydrochloric acid.
②Bariummokhoa oa carbonate. E entsoe ka lejoe le omeletseng (barium carbonate) joalo ka lisebelisoa tse tala.
③ mokhoa oa calcium chloride. Ho fokotsa motsoako oa barite le calcium chloride ka carbon.
Ho feta moo, ho na le mokhoa oa magnesium chloride. E lokiselitsoe ka ho phekolabariumsulfide e nang le magnesium chloride.
Nako ea poso: Nov-01-2023