Ke engLefatše?
Meetso ea batho e na le nalane ea lilemo tse 200 ho tloha ka ho sibolla liminerale tse fokolang tse fumanehang ka nako eo, ke metsi a fokolang feela a ka fumanoang ka mokhoa oa lik'hemik'hale. Nalane, litsotsoana tse joalo li ne li tloaetse ho bitsoa "lefatše", ka hona e ne e le lebitso la lefatše la lefatšeng.
Ha e le hantle, liminerale tsa lefatše tsa fumaneha ha li fumanehe ka tlhaho. Lefatše ha le na lefatše ha se lefatše, empa ntho e tloaelehileng ea tšepe. Mofuta oa eona oa mafolofolo o bobeli feela ho ea ho alkali tšepe le li-alkaline tsa lefats'e. Ba khotsofatse litaba tse thata ho feta koporo e tloaelehileng, zinc, tin, cobat le Nickel.
Hajoale, lefats'e la sare a sebelisoa haholo masimong a fapaneng joalo ka elektroniki, joalo ka lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 3-5, motho a ke ke a etsa Ntle le lefats'e la seo le sa tloaelehang.
China e na le liminerale tse fumanehang tsa Lefatše, boemo ba lefatše ba lefats'e: Sebaka sa polokelo, tekanyo ea tlhahiso le kantle le naha. Ka nako e ts'oanang, China ke eona feela naha e ka fanang ka litebele tsohle tse 17, haholo-holo lefats'e le mahareng le likopo tse hlahelletseng haholo.
Motse oa Ever ea Lefatše e Rabe
Lintho tse sa tloaelehang tsa Lefatše li entsoe ka lintho tsa Lanthanside tafoleng ea lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale:lanthanum(La),Cerium(CE),Prassahodymium(Pr),ansodymium(ND), Promethium (PM),Samarum(SM),Europaum(EU),Gadolium(Gd),Terbium(TB),DyProsium(DY),Holmium(Ho),Erbium(Er),Thuuum(TM),ytterbium(Yb),lutumelium(Lu), le lintho tse peli tse amanang haufi le Lonthanide:Scandium(Sc) leYttrium(Y).
E bitsoaLefatše, e khutsuoa e le ea tlhaho.
Karolelano ea likarolo tsa Lefatše tsa Rare
E khethiloe ke thepa ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale:
Lintho tse bobebe tsa lefats'e:Scandium, Yttrium, Lanthanum, Cesthanium, Pra sotiummium, Seadymium, Promemia, Samarium, Europium
Lintho tse boima tsa lefatše:Gadolinium, Terbium, DysProsium, Holmium, Erbium, Thurium, Ytterbium, Lutoium
E khethiloe ka litšobotsi tsa liminerale:
Sehlopha sa Cerium:Lanthanum, Cesthanium, Prassa fore, Promeodhowmium, Conseodymium, Promethium, Samarium, Europium
Sehlopha sa Yttrium:gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, yttrium
Classificiation ka karohano ea ho arohana:
Leseli la Bohata la Lefatše (P204 e nyenyefalitsoeng ea Acidity): Lanthanum, Cesurium, Praka, Prasmoum, Nonodymium
Metsi a mahareng a leholimo a leholimo (P204 e tlase ea acidity):Samarum, Europium, Gadolinium, Terbium, DyProsium
Lefatše le boima la Rare (acidity e ntsho ho P204):Holmium, Erbium, Thuuraum, Ytterbium, Lutatium, Yttrium
Thepa ea likarolo tsa lefatše tse sa tloaelehang
Mesebetsi e fetang 50 ea lintho tse sa tloaelehang ea lefats'e e amana le sebopeho sa bona se ikhethang sa bobeli sa 4F, li li etsa hore li sebelisetsoe lisebelisoa tsa setso le lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa lisebelisoa tsa theknoloji.
4f Arbit Arbit
1. Matla a 'mele le a lik'hemik'hale
★ Ho na le thepa e hlakileng ea tšepe; Ke silevera e putsoa, ntle le pragodymium le li-soudymium, e bonahala e le bobebe putsoa
★ Mebala e meholo ea oxide
★ theha metsoako e tsitsitseng ka metsoako e seng moeli
★ Metal ka monate
Н bonolo ho oxidize moeeng
Merero ea 2 eaPetoactror
★ Tlolo ea 4F e sullcer.
Ha phetoho ea 4f e eletsoang, e ka monya mahlaseli a maraba a fapaneng a tsoang ultraviolet, e bonahalang e bonahala e loketse thepa e litšila
★ Ho ba le boitšoaro bo botle, bo khona ho itokisetsa tšepe tse ruiloeng ke lipehelo tsa lefats'e ka mokhoa oa elektrosis
Karolo ea li-elektrone tsa 4f ea likarolo tsa Lefatše tse sa tloaelehang ka lisebelisoa tse ncha
1.MaterIals ho sebelisa likarolo tsa 4F tsa elektroniki
★ 3f electron spin tokiso:E bonts'itsoe joalo ka Magnetim e matla - e loketseng ho sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa makenete, lisebelisoa tsa naha, li-supersor, tse phahameng, joalo-supercondtor, jj
★ 4f Orbital Electron: E bontsitsoe ha thepa ea mofuta oa lumingcent - e loketseng ho sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tse monate tse kang phosphars, lasers, lasers, lases, li-amplifers, jj.
Liphetoho tsa elektroniki ho Band ea Energy Offerting Band: E bonts'itsoe e le thepa ea mebala - e loketseng mefuta ea sebaka, mebala, oli ea Ceramic, khalase, jj
2 e amana ka kotloloho ho electrolctor ea 4F, sebelisa ionic radius, tefo le thepa ea lik'hemik'hale
★ Litšobotsi tsa nyutlelie:
Karolo e nyane ea armal neutron cross ea curmal cross - e loketse ho sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa sebopeho sa nyutlelie, joalo-joalo
Karolo e kholo ea khatiso ea curseron Cross - e loketseng thepa ea ho sireletsoa ha litokelo tsa nyutlelie, joalo-joalo
★ Rare Esita le Eye E Eanic Radius, Tefiso, ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale:
Mefokolo ea Lattice, thepa ea lik'hemik'hale, thepa ea lik'hemik'hale, litefiso tsa lik'hemik'hale
Tyddy ea sebopeho - e loketseng ho sebelisoa e le SYDROGH STORETER ALYDROGH AFHODEPS, thepa ea microwave ea Inthanete, jj
Electro optical le thepa ea malebela
Nako ea poso: Jul-06-2023