Joalo ka motsoako o bobebe o bohlokoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa lipalangoang tsa sefofane, thepa ea macroscopic ea aluminium alloy e amana haufi-ufi le sebopeho sa eona se senyenyane. Ka ho fetola likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa motsoako mohahong oa motsoako oa aluminium, microstructure ea motsoako oa aluminium e ka fetoloa, 'me thepa ea macroscopic le thepa e meng (e kang ho hanyetsa kutu le ts'ebetso ea welding) ea thepa e ka ntlafatsoa haholo. Ho fihlela joale, microalloying e se e le leano le ts'episang ka ho fetisisa la nts'etsopele ea theknoloji bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa microstructure ea li-alloys tsa aluminium le ho ntlafatsa thepa e feletseng ea lisebelisoa tsa alloy aluminium.Scandium(Sc) ke sesebelisoa sa microalloying se sebetsang ka ho fetesisa se tsebahalang ka lialloi tsa aluminium. Ho qhibiliha ha scandium ka matrix a aluminium ho ka tlase ho 0.35 wt.%, Ho kenyelletsa lintlha tse ngata tsa scandium ho li-alloys tsa aluminium ho ka ntlafatsa sebopeho sa tsona hantle, ho matlafatsa matla a tsona, ho thatafala, polasetiki, botsitso ba mocheso le ho hanyetsa kutu. Scandium e na le litlamorao tse ngata tsa 'mele ho li-alloys tsa aluminium, ho kenyelletsa le ho matlafatsa tharollo e tiileng, ho matlafatsa likaroloana, le ho thibela recrystallization. Sengoliloeng sena se tla hlahisa nts'etsopele ea nalane, tsoelo-pele ea morao-rao, le ts'ebeliso e ka bang teng ea scandium e nang le lisebelisoa tsa aluminium lefapheng la tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa sefofane.
Patlisiso le Nts'etsopele ea Aluminium Scandium Alloy
Ho eketsoa ha scandium e le motsoako oa alloy ho li-alloys tsa aluminium ho ka saloa morao ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1960. Ka nako eo, boholo ba mosebetsi o ne o etsoa ka binary Al Sc le ternary AlMg Sc alloy systems. Lilemong tsa bo-1970, Baykov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science ea Soviet Academy of Sciences le All Serussia Institute of Light Alloy Research e ile ea etsa lipatlisiso tse hlophisitsoeng ka mokhoa le mochine oa scandium ka lisebelisoa tsa aluminium. Ka mor'a lilemo tse ka bang mashome a mane tsa boiteko, lihlopha tse 14 tsa aluminium scandium alloys li 'nile tsa ntlafatsoa ka lihlopha tse tharo tse kholo (Al Mg Sc, Al Li Sc, Al Zn Mg Sc). Ho qhibiliha ha liathomo tsa scandium ka aluminium ho tlase, 'me ka ho sebelisa mekhoa e nepahetseng ea phekolo ea mocheso, matla a phahameng a Al3Sc nano precipitates a ka ba le pula. Karolo ena ea lipula e batla e le chitja, e na le likaroloana tse nyane le kabo e hasaneng, 'me e na le kamano e ntle e momahaneng le matrix ea aluminium, e ka ntlafatsang haholo matla a mocheso oa kamore ea li-alloys tsa aluminium. Ntle le moo, li-precipitates tsa Al3Sc nano li na le botsitso bo botle ba mocheso le khanyetso e matla ea mocheso (ka har'a 400 ℃), e leng molemo haholo bakeng sa ho hanyetsa mocheso o matla oa alloy. Ka Russia e entsoeng ka aluminium scandium alloys, 1570 alloy e hohetse tlhokomelo e ngata ka lebaka la matla a eona a phahameng ka ho fetisisa le ts'ebeliso e pharaletseng. Alloy ena e bonts'a ts'ebetso e ntle haholo mochesong o sebetsang oa -196 ℃ ho isa ho 70 ℃ mme e na le superplasticity ea tlhaho, e ka nkang sebaka sa aluminium e entsoeng ka LF6 (alloy ea aluminium ea magnesium e entsoeng haholo ka aluminium, magnesium, koporo, manganese le silicon) bakeng sa meaho e kenyang litšepe sebakeng sa mokelikeli oa oksijene, ka ts'ebetso e ntlafalitsoeng haholo. Ho feta moo, Russia e boetse e ntlafalitse lisebelisoa tsa aluminium zinki magnesium scandium, tse emetsoeng ke 1970, ka matla a lintho tse fetang 500MPa.
Boemo ba Boiketlo ba Liindasteri baAluminium Scandium Alloy
Ka 2015, European Union e ile ea lokolla "European Metallurgical Roadmap: Prospects for Manufacturers and End Users", e fana ka tlhahiso ea ho ithuta ho chesoa ha aluminium.lisebelisoa tsa magnesium scandium. Ka Loetse 2020, European Union e ile ea lokolla lethathamo la lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa liminerale tse 29, ho kenyeletsoa le scandium. The 5024H116 aluminium magnesium scandium alloy e entsoeng ke Ale Aluminium Jeremane e na le matla a mahareng ho isa holimo le ho mamella tšenyo e phahameng, e leng se etsang hore e be thepa e tšepisang haholo bakeng sa letlalo la fuselage. E ka sebelisoa ho nkela li-alloys tsa aluminium tsa setso tsa 2xxx 'me e kenyelelitsoe bukeng ea theko ea thepa ea Airbus' AIMS03-01-055. 5028 ke sehlopha se ntlafetseng sa 5024, se loketseng ho cheselletsa laser le friction stir welding. E ka fihlela mokhoa oa ho etsa liphanele tsa "hyperbolic integral wall panels", tse thibelang kutu 'me ha li hloke ho roala ha aluminium. Ha ho bapisoa le alloy ea 2524, sebopeho sa marako se akaretsang sa fuselage se ka finyella 5% ea ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele. The AA5024-H116 aluminium alloy alloy sheet e hlahisoang ke Aili Aluminium Company e sebelisitsoe ho etsa fuselage ea sefofane le likarolo tsa sebopeho sa sefofane. Botenya bo tloaelehileng ba letlapa la motsoako oa AA5024-H116 ke 1.6mm ho isa ho 8.0mm, 'me ka lebaka la sets'oants'o sa eona se tlase, thepa e itekanetseng ea mochini, ho hanyetsa kutu e phahameng, le ho kheloha ka mokhoa o tiileng, e ka nka sebaka sa 2524 alloy joalo ka letlalo la fuselage. Hajoale, letlapa la alloy la AA5024-H116 le netefalitsoe ke Airbus AIMS03-04-055. Ka December 2018, Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso la Chaena le ile la lokolla "Lethathamo la Tataiso bakeng sa Lipontšo tsa Pele tsa Tšebeliso ea Sekondari ea Lintho Tse Ncha tsa Bohlokoa (Khatiso ea 2018)", e neng e kenyelletsa "high-purity scandium oxide" lethathamong la nts'etsopele ea. indasteri e ncha ea thepa. Ka selemo sa 2019, Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Tlhahisoleseding la Chaena le ile la lokolla "Lethathamo la Tataiso bakeng sa Sehlopha sa Pele sa Likopo tsa Pontšo ea Lisebelisoa tsa Key New (Khatiso ea 2019)", e neng e kenyelletsa "Sc e nang le lisebelisoa tsa aluminium alloy processing le lithapo tsa welding tsa Al Si Sc" lethathamong la nts'etsopele ea indasteri e ncha ea thepa. China Aluminium Group Northeast Light Alloy e hlahisitse Al Mg Sc Zr series 5B70 alloy e nang le scandium le zirconium. Ha ho bapisoa le setso sa Al Mg letoto la 5083 alloy ntle le scandium le zirconium, lihlahisoa tsa eona le matla a matla li eketsehile ka ho feta 30%. Ho feta moo, Al Mg Sc Zr alloy e ka boloka ho hanyetsa ha kutu ho bapisoa le motsoako oa 5083. Hona joale, likhoebo tse ka sehloohong tsa malapeng tse nang le sehlopha sa indasterimotsoako oa aluminium scandiumbokgoni ba tlhahiso ke Northeast Light Alloy Company le Southwest Aluminium Industry. Letlapa la boholo bo boholo ba 5B70 aluminium scandium alloy e entsoeng ke Northeast Light Alloy Co., Ltd. e ka fana ka lipoleiti tse kholo tsa aluminium tse teteaneng tse nang le botenya bo boholo ba 70mm le bophara bo boholo ba 3500mm; Lihlahisoa tsa letlapa le lesesaane le lihlahisoa tsa profil li ka etsoa molemong oa tlhahiso, ka bophara ba 2mm ho isa ho 6mm le bophara bo boholo ba 1500mm. Aluminium e ka boroa-bophirima e ikemetse e ntlafalitse lisebelisoa tsa 5K40 mme e entse tsoelo-pele e kholo ho nts'etsopele ea lipoleiti tse tšesaane. Al Zn Mg alloy ke motsoako o thata oa nako o nang le matla a phahameng, ts'ebetso e ntle ea ts'ebetso, le ts'ebetso e ntle ea welding. Ke thepa ea bohlokoa le ea bohlokoa ea sebopeho likoloing tsa hajoale tsa lipalangoang joalo ka lifofane. Motheong oa matla a mahareng a ka chesehang AlZn Mg, ho eketsa lisebelisoa tsa alloy tsa scandium le zirconium ho ka theha li-nanoparticles tse nyane le tse hasantsoeng tsa Al3 (Sc, Zr) ka har'a microstructure, ho ntlafatsa haholo thepa ea mochini le khatello ea khatello ea maikutlo ea alloy. Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Langley sa NASA se thehile ternary aluminium scandium alloy e nang le grade C557, e seng e loketse ho sebelisoa mesebetsing ea mohlala. Matla a tsitsitseng, ho ata ha crack, le ho tiea ha fracture ea motsoako ona mochesong o tlase (-200 ℃), mocheso oa kamore, le mocheso o phahameng (107 ℃) kaofela li lekana kapa li betere ho feta tsa 2524 alloy. Univesithi ea Northwestern United States e thehile AlZn Mg Sc alloy 7000 series aluminium alloy ultra-high, e nang le matla a ho fihla ho 680MPa. Mokhoa oa nts'etsopele ea kopanelo lipakeng tsa aluminium scandium alloy ea matla a mahareng le matla a holimo-limo Al Zn Mg Sc e thehiloe. Al Zn Mg Cu Sc alloy ke motsoako oa aluminium o matla o phahameng o nang le matla a maholo a fetang 800 MPa. Hajoale, sebopeho sa mabitso le mekhahlelo ea mantlha ea ts'ebetso ea limaraka tse kholo tsamotsoako oa aluminium scandiumli akaretsoa ka tsela e latelang, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ho Lethathamo la 1 le la 2.
Lethathamo la 1 | Sebopeho sa Lebitso la Aluminium Scandium Alloy
Lethathamo la 2 | Lintho tsa Microstructure le Tensile tsa Aluminium Scandium Alloy
Litebello tsa ts'ebeliso ea aluminium scandium alloy
Matla a phahameng a Al Zn Mg Cu Sc le li-alloys tsa Al CuLi Sc li sebelisitsoe ho likarolo tsa meralo tse jarang meroalo, ho kenyelletsa le lifofane tsa ntoa tsa Russia tsa MiG-21 le MiG-29. Dashboard ea sepakapaka sa Russia "Mars-1" e entsoe ka 1570 aluminium scandium alloy, ka kakaretso ea phokotso ea boima ba 20%. Likarolo tse jarang meroalo ea mochini oa sesebelisoa sa sepakapaka sa Mars-96 li entsoe ka aluminium alloy ea 1970 e nang le scandium, e fokotsa boima ba mochini oa sesebelisoa ka 10%. Lenaneong la "Clean Sky" le morero oa EU oa "2050 Flight Route", Airbus e ile ea etsa moralo o kopantsoeng oa menyako ea menyako ea thepa, lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele, tlhahiso, le liteko tsa ho kenya lifofane tsa A321 tse ipapisitseng le sehlopha sa mohlahlami AA5028-H116 aluminium scandium alloy ea. 5024 aluminium scandium alloy. Aluminium scandium alloys e emetsoeng ke AA5028 e bonts'itse ts'ebetso e ntle haholo le ts'ebetso ea welding. Ho sebelisa mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho tjheseletsa joalo ka friction stir welding le laser welding ho fihlella khokahano e tšepahalang ea scandium e nang le lisebelisoa tsa alloy alloy. Ts'ebetso ea butle-butle ea "welding ho e-na le riveting" ka lifofane e matlafalitse mehaho ea lipoleiti tse tšesaane ha e boloke feela ho tsitsisa ha thepa ea lifofane le botšepehi ba sebopeho, ho finyella tlhahiso e sebetsang hantle le e theko e tlaase, empa hape e na le liphello tsa ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele le ho tiisa. Patlisiso ea kopo ea aluminium scandium 5B70 alloy e entsoeng ke Setsi sa Patlisiso se Khethehileng sa Aerospace ea China e sentse theknoloji ea ho bilika ho matla ha likarolo tse fapaneng tsa botenya ba lebota, taolo ea ho hanyetsa kutu le ho bapisa matla, le taolo ea khatello ea maikutlo e setseng. E lokiselitse aluminium scandium alloy adaptive welding terata, 'me matla a kopantsoeng a coefficient ea khohlano e tsosang tjheseletsa bakeng sa lipoleiti tse teteaneng ka motsoako o ka fihla ho 0.92. China Academy of Space Technology, Central South University, le ba bang ba entse liteko tse pharaletseng tsa ts'ebetso ea mochini le liteko tsa ts'ebetso ho thepa ea 5B70, ba ntlafatsa le ho pheta-pheta moralo oa khetho ea thepa ea 5A06, 'me ba se ba qalile ho sebelisa motsoako oa 5B70 oa aluminium mohahong o moholo. ea liphanele tsa lebota tse matlafalitsoeng ka kakaretso tsa moaho o tiisitsoeng oa seteishene sa sepakapaka le ntlo ea ho khutla. Kakaretso ea lerako la lerako la mohaho oa lipoleiti tse hatelitsoeng li entsoe ka motsoako oa letlalo le likhopo tse matlafatsang, ho finyella kopano e phahameng ea moralo le ho ntlafatsa boima ba 'mele. Ha e ntse e ntlafatsa ho tiea le matla ka kakaretso, e fokotsa palo le ho rarahana ha likarolo tse kopanyang, ka hona ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele ha ho ntse ho boloka ts'ebetso e phahameng. Ka nts'etsopele ea ts'ebeliso ea boenjiniere ba thepa ea 5B70, ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa 5B70 butle-butle e tla eketseha le ho feta moeli o fokolang oa phepelo, e tla thusa ho netefatsa tlhahiso e tsoelang pele le boleng bo tsitsitseng ba thepa e tala, le ho fokotsa haholo litheko tsa thepa e tala. Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, le hoja thepa e mengata ea li-alloys tsa aluminium e ntlafalitsoe ka microalloying ea scandium, theko e phahameng le khaello ea scandium li fokotsa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa aluminium scandium alloys. Ha ho bapisoa le lisebelisoa tsa alloy tsa aluminium tse kang Al Cu, Al Zn, Al ZnMg, scandium e nang le lisebelisoa tsa alloy ea aluminium e na le thepa e ntle ea mochine, ho hanyetsa kutu, le litšoaneleho tse ntle tsa ts'ebetso, tse etsang hore ba be le tebello e pharaletseng ea ts'ebeliso ea ho etsoa ha likarolo tsa mantlha tsa meralo. masimo a indasteri joalo ka sefofane. Ka ho teba ho tsoelang pele ha lipatlisiso mabapi le thekenoloji ea microalloying ea scandium le ntlafatso ea phepelo ea thepa le ho bapisa ketane ea indasteri, lintlha tsa theko le litšenyehelo tse thibelang ts'ebeliso e kholo ea indasteri ea lisebelisoa tsa aluminium tsa scandium li tla ntlafala butle-butle. Thepa e ntle e felletseng ea mochini, ho hanyetsa kutu, le litšobotsi tse ntle tsa ts'ebetso ea li-alloys tsa aluminium scandium li etsa hore li be le melemo e hlakileng ea ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele le bokhoni bo pharaletseng ba ts'ebeliso lefapheng la tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa sefofane.
Nako ea poso: Oct-29-2024